Nutrient Digestion and Lactation Performance of Dairy Cows Fed Combinations of Prilled Fat and Canola Oil

Abstract

Four combinations of prilled fat and canola oil were fed to 10 lactating Holstein cows in a replicated 5×5 Latin square to determine whether mixing plant oil with a rumen inert fat had additive effects on digestive and lactation responses. Five diets of concentrate and corn silage (1:1, DM basis) contained either no added fat (control) or 5% fat comprising 100, 67, 33, or 0% prilled fat and the remainder canola oil. The fat supplement containing 100% prilled fat appeared to be rumen-inert because it caused no changes in ruminal VFA concentration, acetate to propionate ratio, or total tract fiber digestion. Prilled fat increased milk production, FCM, and milk fat percentage but decreased milk protein percentage, including casein content. Increasing canola oil in the fat supplement caused linear declines in ruminal VFA, acetate to propionate ratio, and milk production. Milk production efficiency (weight FCM/weight DMI) exceeded the control diet when fat supplements contained 100 or 67% prilled fat but dropped below control for 33 and 0% prilled fat. This study demonstrates additive effects of combining canola oil with hydrogenated, prilled fat on ruminal fermentation but nonadditive effects on milk production efficiency and milk composition. At low levels of supplementation, plant oils, such as the canola oil used in this study, can inhibit ruminal fermentation but still maintain milk production efficiency.