Nursing students and the COVID-19 pandemic: a Cross-Sectional study of occupational control and its influencing factors

The lessons of noninterventional and interventional prospective studies on the development of atopic disease during childhood.

Objective To explore the differences of the life styles and their influencing factors among students who came from city, countryside or migrant families. Methods The stratified cluster random sampling method was conducted to recruit 1980 college students from 4 colleges of Huainan, Anhui. Results The study showed that under the ternary social structure college students from city preferred to the higher degree of T1, T2 or T3 dietary patterns, of which the OR(95%CI) were 0.432(0.255-0.730), 0.140(0.073-0.267) and 0.402(0.236-0.683), respectively. They chose to exercise in middle-intensity physical activity for 30 minutes, of which OR(95%CI) was 0.524(0.352-0.779). Also there were much more drinkers in this group, of which the OR(95%CI) was 0.564(0.325-0.981). Secondly, college students from migrant families in city preferred to T2 and T4 dietary pattern in low degree, of which OR(95%CI) were 1.714(1.165-2.519) and 1.592(1.100-2.305), respectively. And they exercise 5 times or less per week in middle-intensity physical activity and the OR(95%CI) was 0.699(0.535-0.912). Thirdly, college students from countryside preferred to T1 , T2 and T3 dietary pattern in low degree and the OR(95%CI) were 1.548(1.083-2.213), 1.498(1.048-2.141) and 1.740(1.216-2.491), respectively. However, they preferred T4 dietary pattern in high degree rather than in low degree, in which the OR(95%CI) was 0.624(0.436-0.893). They exercise more than 5 times and more than 30 minutes per time in middle-intensity physical activity , of which OR(95%CI) were 1.314(1.022-1.688) and 1.472(1.071-2.022). Conclusion College students from three groups lived in different life styles and much more attention should be paid to them. Key words: College student; Life style; Influencing factors

Background/Aims: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. However, no effective treatments for this disease are available. Calcium dobesilate (CaD) is widely used to treat diabetic retinopathy. DKD and retinopathy often co-exist and have similar mechanisms of pathogenesis. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the safety and efficacy of CaD in the treatment of DKD. Methods: In the prospective randomised controlled study, 100 DKD from Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with a urinary albumin/ creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥30 mg/g and urinary protein level between 150 mg/24 h and 2 g/24 h with GFR> 90ml/min were enrolled. The patients were randomly divided into the treatment group (500 mg of CaD, administered orally, 3 times per day) and the control group. DKD patients were treated for 3 months. In the case control study, DM patients without proteinuria and healthy individuals were also enrolled. Clinical data and related biochemical parameters were collected. Endothelial function markers (VEGF, ET-1, eNOS, NO) and inflammatory markers (MCP-1, ICAM, PTX3) were detected by ELISA. Results: In the prospective randomised controlled study, the 24 h urinary albumin and 24 h urinary protein levels significantly decreased after three months of treatment with CaD in the patients with DKD, but the cystatin C-based glomerular filtration rate (GFR) remained unchanged. In addition, the levels of inflammatory markers (PTX3, MCP-1, hsCRP, ICAM) and endothelial dysfunction markers (VEGF, ET-1) were significantly reduced compared to pre-treatment levels, NO was signifcantly increased post treatment. In the case control study, we found that PTX3, MCP-1, ICAM, VEGF and ET-1 levels were positively correlated with urinary albumin in DKD patients, while the NO level was negatively correlated. Logistic regression analysis showed that PTX3, NO and HbAlc were influential factors in DKD. After patients with DKD were treated with CaD for three months, the 24 h urinary albumin and 24 h urinary protein levels significantly decreased, but the cystatin C-based glomerular filtration rate (GFR) remained unchanged. In addition, the levels of inflammatory markers (PTX3, MCP-1, hsCRP, ICAM) and endothelial dysfunction markers (VEGF, NO, ET-1) were significantly reduced compared to pre-treatment levels. Conclusion: CaD can be safely and effectively used to treatdiabetic nephropathy.

Measurement of China's provincial consumption-based PM2.5 emissions and its influencing factors in the perspective of spatial heterogeneity

BackgroundAdvance care planning is an important part of palliative care. Public acceptance is a prerequisite for the widespread development and implementation of advance care planning. However, little is known about the level of public’s acceptance and influencing factors of advance care planning across different life cycles.MethodsA cross-sectional study in mainland China was conducted from June 20 to August 31, 2022. We used multi-stage sampling strategy to recruit participators. A stepwise linear regression analysis was used to examine the influencing factors in different life cycles (nonage, mature age, middle age and old age).ResultsThe final sample size was 18,002. The average acceptance score of advance care planning of the public throughout the entire life cycle was 64.03. The average score in nonage was 67.13, which is the highest. The average score in mature age was 63.87, in middle age was 63.51, and in old age was 63.54. Multiple linear stepwise regression results indicated that death education support level, well-being index, neighbor relations, health literacy, family social status, and siblings were influencing factors in nonage. Medical insurance, injury events, multiple properties, death education support level, health literacy, family social status, neighbor relation, social support, family health, media contact, and well-being index were influencing factors in mature age. In middle age, region, living alone, depression, debt, houses, death education support level, health literacy, social support, and family social status were influencing factors. In old age, injury event, death education support level, neighbor relation, well-being index, siblings and children were influencing factors.ConclusionsThis study is the first to compare the Chinese people with different life cycles. It found that the public’s acceptance and influencing factors of advance care planning varied across different life cycles. Governments and health care personnel should emphasize autonomy and initiate advance care planning based on different life cycles and individual approaches, then introduce appropriate public health policies into newer and broader fields.

Objective.To explore the relation between adherence to secondary prevention and factors that influence on said adherence in people with acute coronary syndrome, who underwent percutaneous coronary angioplasty in a clinic in Medellín.Methods.Cross-sectional study on a random sample of 128 volunteer patients. A questionnaire was used for sociodemographic variables, the “Scale to measure therapeutic adherence for patients with chronic diseases, based on explicit behaviors” by Trujano, Vega, and Nava and the “Instrument to evaluate adherence by patients according to influential cardiovascular risk factors” validated by Consuelo Ortiz.Results.Socioeconomic factors influenced in very low manner on the adherence to secondary prevention; factors related with the therapy did so moderately and patient factors influenced in low manner. No relation was found between the health provider factor and said adherence.Conclusion.Factors exist that influence in a lesser or higher measure on adherence to secondary prevention and which must be recognized in people with coronary angioplasty to design strategies to improve this aspect of self-care.

Background Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJD) have shown a rising prevalence globally, affecting approximately 31% of adults/elderly and 11% of children/adolescents, with disc displacement with reduction (DDwR) being the most common condition. Despite the significant impact of TMJD on individuals and society, diagnosis and treatment remain inadequate. This study aims to identify factors that are hindering clinicians from managing TMJ-related disorders and to model these factors using latent variable structural equation modeling. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2023 among 470 dental practitioners in Chennai, Tamilnadu. The data were collected using a closed-ended questionnaire distributed via Google Forms, achieving an 87% response rate. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to analyze the data, focusing on clinician-related and patient-related factors. Results The measurement model was refined through CFA, achieving acceptable goodness-of-fit measures. The structural model revealed that clinician-related factors significantly impact the decision to manage TMJ disorders (β=0.65), with hesitation due to poor prognosis being the most influential factor. Patient-related factors had a lesser impact (β=0.02) when compared to clinician factors, with economic affordability being the most influential patient factor. Conclusion The decision-making process for managing TMJ disorders is significantly influenced by clinician-related factors, with a lack of knowledge and hesitation due to poor prognosis being major barriers. Thus, enhancing the dental curriculum with comprehensive TMJ management training could improve clinician confidence and patient outcomes. Additionally, addressing patient affordability is crucial for effective treatment planning. This study highlights the need to address knowledge and competency gaps among general dental practitioners and provides insights to inform educational reforms, ultimately improving patient care outcomes.

Despite the availability of safe, effective and inexpensive vaccine since the 1960s, in 2018, more than 140.000 people worldwide died from measles. The aim of this study was to determine socio-epidemiological and clinical characteristics among hospitalized, measles-infected children during the epidemic from December 2017 to July 2018 in the Jablanica District and to estimate the influence of socio-epidemiological factors on the severity of disease. This cross-sectional study involved 55 measles-infected, hospitalized children at the Pediatric Department of the General Hospital of Leskovac. Data were collected with an original questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics methods. The influence of factors on the severity of disease among infected children with and without complications was examined using ch² and t-test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. During the measles epidemic in the Jablanica District in 2017-2018, 110 children were affected, aged 0-19 years. Out of a total measles affected children in the Jablanica District only 9 (8.18%) were vaccinated, of which 5 (4.54%) were hospitalized. A total of 55 measles-infected, hospitalized children aged 22.85 ± 23.94 months were analyzed. The most infected children, 25 (45.45%), were aged 0-12 months. The infected children were mostly living in poor conditions, 34 (61.81%). Pneumonia was the most common complication, 24 (51.88%). There were no lethal outcomes. Severe complications were more frequent in younger children (p < 0.05), in children who lived in poor conditions (p < 0.05) and in those who had infection during the winter (p < 0.05). The development and implementation of strategies to achieve high coverage for measles vaccination and revaccination are necessary for measles elimination.

To determine the current status of dementia patient's quality of life and compare influencing factors in China and Japan to inform nursing care and potentially improve the patient's quality of life. The prevalence of dementia is increasing related to lack of a cure, thus prompting some researchers and clinicians to focus on patient's quality of life. A cross-sectional study. A convenience sample of 200 mild-to-moderate dementia patients was obtained in Jinan city and 205 ones in Wakayama city. Then, we measured patient's quality of life and analysed the relation between general demographic information, cognitive function, activities of living, behavioural and psychological symptoms, and the patient's quality of life. The total score of Dementia Quality of Life in Jinan city was 89·82 ± 15·11; multiple linear regression showed that the influencing factors of quality of life were marital, economics, characteristics, activities of living, hypertension and irritability. And the total score in Wakayama city was 118·30 ± 14·56; the influencing factors were education, body mass index, activities of living and depression. The total score of Dementia Quality of Life in Jinan city was significantly lower than Wakayama city. The same influencing factor between these two cities was activities of living. Nurses could implement interventions to focus on many of the patient's influencing factors, so that to improve their mental and physical health, which may slow the disease process and further improve the patient's quality of life. In addition, Chinese government could learn some experience from Japanese government, such as perfect the system of nursing insurance for elderly and introduce professional geriatric nursing talents to provide better service for the elderly.

Disability and cognitive impairment affect the physical and mental health of older adult individuals and also impose a heavy burden on families and society. As a threat to their health, the growing trend of empty nesting among older adult individuals is attracting widespread attention. To investigate the status of disability and cognitive impairment among empty nesters and non-empty nesters in Guangdong Province and to analyze the differences in their influencing factors to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of disability among empty nesters and non-empty nesters. Using the stratified random cluster sampling method, we recruited 5,603 individuals older adults 60 years and older from 21 cities in Guangdong Province in southern China, comprising 1,512 empty nesters and 4,091 non-empty nesters. Physical function and cognitive impairment were assessed with the ability to perform basic activities of daily living (BADLs) and scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Binary logistic regression was performed to analyze the risk factors in the two groups. The prevalence of disability and cognitive impairment among empty nesters was significantly higher than that in non-empty nesters (40.15% vs. 35.74, 27.51% vs. 23.52%, respectively). Common influencing factors for the occurrence of disability in empty nesters and non-empty nesters were as follows. Binary logistic regression showed that the average monthly household income of empty nesters was 2000-400 RMB (OR: 1.476, 95% CI 1.019, 2.138) and for non-empty nesters was 2000-400 RMB (OR: 1.353, 95% CI 1.048, 1.747). Many study subjects took more than four types of medications (empty nesters: OR: 3.166, 95% CI 1.940, 5.169; non-empty nesters: OR: 2.660, 95% CI 1.957, 3.615). Both populations reported family support (empty nesters: OR: 1.487, 95% CI 1.064, 2.077 and non-empty nesters: OR: 1.341, 95% CI 1.106, 1.626), depression (empty nesters: OR: 1.710, 95% CI 1.104, 2.471 and non-empty nesters: OR: 1.990, 95% CI 1.524, 2.599), and anxiety (yes: OR: 1.652, 95% CI 1.104, 2.471), which was an influential factor specific to the occurrence of disability in empty nesters (p < 0.05). Education level, residence, and depression among empty nesters (OR: 3.111, 95% CI 2.059, 4.701) and non-empty nesters (OR: 1.892, 95% CI 1.461, 2.451) were common influencing factors for the occurrence of cognitive impairment in both groups (p < 0.05). Category 1 medications were an influential factor specific to cognitive impairment among empty nesters (OR: 1.564, 95% CI 1.072, 2.282; p < 0.05); and coronary heart disease was an influencing factor specific to cognitive impairment among non-empty nesters (OR: 1.319, 95% CI 1.046, 1.663; p < 0.05). The study indicated that empty nesters had a higher prevalence of disability and cognitive impairment than non-empty nesters. The influencing factors were different between empty nesters and non-empty nesters. Low and middle incomes, multiple medication use, family support, and depression were the common influencing factors for the occurrence of disability among empty nesters and non-empty nesters, while anxiety was the unique influencing factor for disability among empty nesters. Literacy level, place of residence, and depression were the common influencing factors for cognitive impairment among empty nesters and non-empty nesters. Multiple medications were an influencing factor specific to cognitive impairment among empty nesters. Coronary heart disease was an influencing factor specific to cognitive impairment in non-empty nesters. Therefore, when intervening in older adults individuals with disability and cognitive impairment, different measures should be taken according to whether they are empty nesters or not.

To explore possible causes of a 1988 incidence peak of infant neuroblastoma in west German regions which were contaminated with more than 6000 Bq/m2 Cs137 from the Chernobyl accident. The primary working hypothesis was that parents of the diseased children had been contaminated by an excessive intake of locally produced food, especially mushrooms or deer. Case control study with 1:2 (cases:controls) matching. Data were collected from the children's parents by questionnaires and telephone interviews. Nation-wide study (former FRG) based on the German Childhood Cancer Registry. Cases born in 1988 and reported with a neuroblastoma to the registry until March 1992. Population-based healthy controls, matched for age, sex and residence at time of diagnosis. The working hypothesis could not be confirmed by the study, because the parents of cases tended to eat less locally grown food than the parents of controls (RR = 0.63, 95% CI:0.20-1.97). Possible influence factors which previously have been described to be associated with neuroblastoma incidence could not be confirmed by the study. Parental exposure to herbicides and pesticides was associated with the occurrence of neuroblastoma (RR = 4.2, 95% CI:1.4-12.9). Neuroblastoma stage distribution in the contaminated regions was shifted towards lower stages as compared to the less contaminated regions and previous age cohorts. The study does not show additional evidence that the observed increase in neuroblastoma incidence might have been caused by exposure to fallout from the Chernobyl accident. The observed shift towards lower clinical stages may rather indicate increased diagnostic awareness. The association between neuroblastoma and parental exposure with herbicides and pesticides resulted from an extensive exploratory data analysis and needs to be confirmed in further studies.

Warfarin is a vitamin K antagonist agent that inhibits clotting factors used for long-term anticoagulation. Time in therapeutic range (TTR) in patients using warfarin is one of the primary treatment effectiveness requirements. We aim to investigate the relationship between serum magnesium levels, the international normalized ratio (INR) values, and TTR values in people using warfarin for various indications. Our study is a single-center, cross-sectional, and retrospective study that included 169 patients between 18 and 70 who used warfarin for various indications. Demographic data, biochemical analysis, and coagulation parameters, including TTR calculation, were evaluated for all patients. Those with a TTR value below 60 were defined as labile INR, and those with 60 and above as stable INR group and compared. The mean INR value was higher in the labile INR group than the stable INR group (3.7 ± 2.9, 3.2 ± 0.3, respectively; p = 0.030). The Mg values are significantly lower in the labile INR group than the stable group (1.8 ± 0.2mg/dL, 2.0 ± 0.1mg/dL, respectively; p < 0.001). In binary multivariate logistic regression analysis, magnesium value was the most influential INR stabilization factor (p < 0.001). As a result of our study, it was concluded that magnesium levels are an influential factor in stabilizing INR. We can state that we have contributed to the literature and can be a reference for future studies.

Objective To explore the level of positive feelings in major caregivers of patients with temporomandibular joint ankyloses (TMJK) complicated with facial deformity and to analyze their influencing factors. Methods Totally 101 major caregivers of patients with TMJK complicated with facial deformity who attended outpatient and inpatient service in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from April 2014 to April 2017 were selected using convenient sampling. The caregivers' general information was collected, and the caregiver positive feelings scale was used to evaluate their positive feelings. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between positive feelings and general information, and multivariate linear regression analysis was employed to analyze their influencing factors. Results The caregivers' positive feeling scored (28.93±5.15) , ranging 10-39. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in positive feelings scores between caregivers with different sex, educational background, age, relationship with patients, monthly household income and cohabitation with patients (P<0.01) . Correlation analysis showed that the caregivers' positive feelings were correlated with sex, educational background, age, relationship with patients, monthly household income and cohabitation with patients (P<0.05) . Multiple linear regression analysis showed that sex, monthly household income, relationship with patients and cohabitation with patients were the influencing factors for the caregivers' positive feelings (P<0.01) . Conclusions The positive feelings in major caregivers of patients with TMJK complicated with facial deformity stand at a moderate and low level, which might be associated with the major caregivers' sex, monthly household income, relationship with patients and cohabitation with patients. Key words: Cross-sectional study; Caregivers; Temporomandibular joint ankyloses; Facial deformity; Oral and maxillofacial surgery; Positive feelings; Influencing factors

BackgroundDrug abuse has many negative effects not only on individuals but also on society. Nowadays, researchers pay a lot of attention to quality of life of drug addicts. However, there are few scales available to measure quality of life of drug addicts. The scale QLICD-DA (quality of life instrument for chronic diseases-drug addition) developed by modular approach could be used to measure quality of life of drug addicts with good validity, reliability and sensitivity.ObjectiveThis study is aimed to understand the quality of life status and influencing factors in drug addicts by suitable sensitively scale, with the hypothesis of the quality of life in drug addicts being different from that of other peoples and possibly being influenced by many factors.MethodsBy cluster random sampling method, 192 drug addicts at Kunming compulsory drug rehabilitation center were recruited to take part in the investigation. All participants completed the general information questionnaire and the scale QLICD-DA. We used a t-test to compare the scores of the quality of life of the participants with the norm (QOL scores from 1953 patients of 10 chronic diseases). A stepwise regression method was applied to explore the influencing factors of the quality of life in drug addicts.Results192 participants ranged in age from 19 to 59 with an average age of 34.86. Most of them were male (70.3%), high school education level (67.7%) and of Han nationality (82.8%). The quality of life of drug addicts was lower than the norm in the physical domain, psychological domain, social domain, and general module, and the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Sex and mode of drug abuse were the influencing factors in total score (p = 0.006) and specific module (p = 0.019). Past family atmosphere and the mode of drug abuse were the influencing factors in the general module (p = 0.027, p = 0.037).ConclusionThe quality of life of drug addicts was worse than that of patients with other chronic diseases, and the influencing factors of the quality of life of drug abusers were sex, mode of drug abuse, and past family atmosphere.

A stable gait pattern is a prerequisite to successfully master various activities of daily living. Furthermore, reduced gait stability is associated with a higher risk of falling. To provide specific intervention strategies to improve gait stability, gaining detailed knowledge of the underlying mechanism and influencing factors is of utmost importance. The effects of relevant influencing factors on gait stability are poorly examined, yet. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to quantify the effects of various influencing factors on gait stability. In a cross-sectional study, we assessed dynamic gait stability and relevant influencing factors in 102 older adults (age >65 years). In addition to dynamic gait stability (largest Lyapunov exponent [LLE] and gait variability measures) during normal over-ground (single-task: ST) and dual-task (DT) walking, we registered the following influencing factors: health status (SF12), pain status (painDETECT, SES), fear of falling (falls efficacy scale), depression (CES-D), cognition performance (Stroop test), physical activity (Freiburger Fragebogen zur körperlichen Aktivität), proprioception (joint position sense), peripheral sensation (mechanical and vibration detection threshold), balance performance (static balance on force plate) and muscular fitness (instrumented sit-to-stand test). We used a principal components regression to link the identified principal components with the gait stability and gait variability responses. The four principal components “strength and gender” (e.g., p = 0.001 for LLE during ST), “physical activity” (e.g., p = 0.006 for LLE during ST), “pain” (e.g., p = 0.030 for LLE during DT) and “peripheral sensation” (e.g., p = 0.002 for LLE during ST) were each significantly associated with at least two of the analyzed gait stability/variability measures. The dimension “balance” was a significant predictor in only one gait measure. While “proprioception” tends to correlate with a gait variability measure, we did not find a dependency of mental health on any gait measure. In conclusion, the participants' ability to recover from small perturbations (as measured with the largest Lyapunov exponent) seems to be related to gender and strength, the amount of physical activity the participants spent every week, peripheral sensation and pain status. Since the explained variance is still rather low, there could be more relevant factors that were not addressed, yet.