Abstract
Electromagnetic turbulence is addressed in tokamak and stellarator plasmas with the global gyrokinetic particle-in-cell codes ORB5 (E Lanti et al, Comp. Phys. Comm., 251, 107072 (2020)) and EUTERPE (V Kornilov et al, Phys. Plasmas, 11, 3196 (2004)). The large-aspect-ratio tokamak, down-scaled ITER, and Wendelstein 7-X geometries are considered. The main goal is to increase the plasma beta, the machine size, the ion-to-electron mass ratio, as well as to include realistic-geometry features in such simulations. The associated numerical requirements and the computational cost for the cases on computer systems with massive GPU deployments are investigated. These are necessary steps to enable electromagnetic turbulence simulations in future reactor plasmas.
Highlights
Realistic simulations of electromagnetic turbulence are of crucial importance to understand and predict behaviour of burning plasmas before such plasmas become experimentally available
Electromagnetic simulations are known to be very challenging for the gyrokinetic particle-in-cell codes because of the numerical stability issues related to the cancellation problem [12, 13]
An important result of this work is the demonstration of numerically stable global particle-in-cell simulations of the electromagnetic turbulence in the Kinetic Ballooning Mode (KBM) regime
Summary
Realistic simulations of electromagnetic turbulence are of crucial importance to understand and predict behaviour of burning plasmas before such plasmas become experimentally available. Electromagnetic simulations are known to be very challenging for the gyrokinetic particle-in-cell codes because of the numerical stability issues related to the cancellation problem [12, 13]. Such simulations are very time consuming since the fast electron dynamics has to be resolved. It still remains to be proven that the gyrokinetic particle-in-cell simulations of electromagnetic turbulence are possible under more challenging, realistic, conditions This demonstration is the main purpose of our present paper. An important result of this work is the demonstration of numerically stable global particle-in-cell simulations of the electromagnetic turbulence in the KBM regime This is a novel result for global fully-gyrokinetic PIC codes.
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