Abstract
The relativistic multiresonator magnetron is analyzed in full cylindrical geometry, using the two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation code magic. Detailed comparisons are made between the simulation results and the classic experiments by Palevsky and Bekefi for the relativistic A6 magnetron configuration [Phys. Fluids 22, 986 (1979)]. The computer simulations show the same dependence of microwave power on axial magnetic field as measured in the experiment. It is found that the electron flow in the preoscillation regime differs substantially from ideal Brillouin flow, and that the nonlinear regime is characterized by large-amplitude spoke formation. By analyzing a class of relativistic magnetrons for a wide range of operating voltage and axial magnetic field, it is found that the optimal microwave power exhibits an approximately cubic dependence on the applied diode voltage. Moreover, the simulations indicate that relativistic magnetrons with small aspect ratio oscillate predominantly in the π mode, whereas magnetrons with large aspect ratio can oscillate in various modes which depend upon the system parameters. Finally, it is shown that a finite power-supply impedance can strongly modify the resonance condition, thereby significantly degrading the magnetron performance.
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