Abstract
Numerical simulations of sediment transport induced by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami near Kirinda port in southeastern Sri Lanka is carried out and the relationships between the tsunami-induced flow and sediment transport are discussed. The results show two clear relationships. The first one is that the local scour occurs and a large amount of suspended sediment is generated around the head of breakwaters when the tsunami-induced flow passes through there. The second one is that the suspended sediment is deposited near vortex centers due to a secondary flow.
Highlights
Large-scale tsunamis cause extensive sediment transport in coastal areas
Kihara and Matsuyama (2008, 2010) developed a three-dimensional hydrostatic shallow-water model, C-HYDRO3D. They carried out numerical simulations for comparison with the experimental studies conducted by Fujii et al (2009) and Sakakiyama et al (2010) and showed the importance of suspended sediment transport due to secondary flow in the predictions of deposition areas in harbors, which cannot be described by the vertically averaged two-dimensional simulations
We show the tsunami arrival times at Kirinda, Yala, and Hambantota obtained by the numerical simulations and those reported by field surveys
Summary
Large-scale tsunamis cause extensive sediment transport in coastal areas. Tsunami-induced sediment transport causes local scours and depositions around coastal facilities, possibly leading to the loss of their function on occasion. Tomita et al (2005) reported that extensive erosion was observed around coastal structures and piers in southwest Sri Lanka after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, and their functions were lost even though damage was not observed in the structures themselves.The velocity of the flow induced by a large-scale tsunami in harbors is very high, 1-20 m / s, and the wave period is longer than 10 min, which is much longer than that of wind waves and much shorter than that of flow rate changes in rivers under flood conditions. To evaluate tsunami-induced topography changes, they have been studied experimentally and numerically over the past decade. Takahashi et al (1999), Fujii et al (2009), and Nishihata et al (2006) developed vertically-averaged two-dimensional numerical models to calculate tsunami-induced topography changes.
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