Abstract
Boulders, a common problem in sublevel caving mining, usually result in a low ore production efficiency and high production cost. To achieve safety and efficient production, LS-DYNA was used to study the delayed and double-primer initiations on blast-induced ore fragmentation and damage in this study. An image processing program was developed to count mineral fragmentation through MATLAB, and a blasting fragmentation evaluation method is proposed based on numerical simulation. Delayed initiation decreased the average segment size and maximum segment size significantly by 26.67% and 32%, respectively, under specified blasting parameters, but it still has a limitation that the boulder yield of ore around the first blastholes is still high. Based on the fractal theory, the effects of one-primer and double-primer initiations on the damage distribution of ore were studied. Double-primer initiation significantly enhanced the damage of ore between the initiation primers, resulting in the most complex crack failure pattern in this region. The fractal dimension of cracks between primers increased significantly. In an actual production, the advantages of delayed initiation, double-primer initiation, and even multiprimer initiation can be fully utilized to reduce the boulder yield and guide the mine production scientifically.
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