Abstract
In order to better understand how a high energy input and a fast cooling rate affect the geometric morphology and microstructure of laser cladding aluminum composite coatings, a three-dimensional (3D) transient finite element model (FEM) has been established to study the temperature field evolution during laser cladding of AlSiTiNi coatings on a 304 stainless steel substrate. In this model, a planar Gauss heat source and a temperature selection judgment mechanism are used to simulate the melting and solidification process as well as the geometric morphology of the laser cladding coatings. The differences in physical characteristics of the cladding materials before and after melting are considered. The results of thermal simulations, including temperature history, temperature gradient, and solidification rate, of the laser cladding coatings are investigated. Corresponding experiments, conducted using an IPG-YLS-5000 fiber laser, are used to verify the simulation results. The experimental observations agree well with the theoretical predictions, which indicates that the established model is valid.
Highlights
As an advanced surface modification technology, laser cladding is used to improve the specific surface properties of a base substrate by adding different coating materials [1,2,3]
Thermal deformation will change the shape of the model during the cladding process. These changes are different because the temperature field is altered at different times [37]
This heat source model is suitable for the simulation of low-speed laser cladding
Summary
As an advanced surface modification technology, laser cladding is used to improve the specific surface properties of a base substrate by adding different coating materials [1,2,3]. Numerical simulation has been widely applied to analyze the laser cladding process These studies usually set up the geometry of the melting track before conducting a thermal analysis using a finite element model (FEM). Liu et al [23] built an FEM for the investigation of the wide-beam laser cladding process, without considering changes in the physical properties of the alloy powders before and after laser cladding. In order to improve the accuracy of the simulation and further of AlSiTiNi may change during its transformation from the powder state to the melted state and the study the thermal behavior of laser cladding with preplaced powders, the material properties of solid state. Material ofthe the304 stainless (b) conductivity; thermal conductivity; and (c) specific heat
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