Numerical simulation of observations with GOLF on board SOHO

Abstract

The main objective of the GOLF Experiment (Global Oscillations at Low Frequencies) on-board the SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory) space mis- sion is the quantitative knowledge of the internal struc- ture of the Sun by measuring the spectrum of its global oscillations in a wide frequency range (30 nHz to 6 mHz). There is special interest in detecting the low ' p- and g-modes (low frequency modes) which penetrate deeply down into the solar core. The instrument chosen is an im- proved disk-integrated sunlight resonant scattering spec- trophotometer. It obtains the line of sight velocity of the integrated visible solar surface by measuring the Doppler shift of the sodium doublet. Mainly, two innovations have been incorporated to standard earth-based similar appa- ratus (those from the networks IRIS and BISON). First, GOLF samples each line of the sodium doublet in prin- ciple at four points on its wings, using an extra small modulated magnetic eld. This new information enables an instantaneous calibration of the measured signal and also opens the possibility to correct from the background solar velocity noise. Second, the use of an extra xed quar- ter wave plate, placed at the entrance of the instrument, enables a selection of the circularly polarized solar light. Therefore, the disk averaged solar line-of-sight component of the magnetic eld can also be obtained. This is consid- ered as a secondary objective of the mission. In order to study the new information available due to these improve- ments in the apparatus, the necessity of fully understand- ing it and the need to write the appropriate software to analyze the data, a complete numerical simulation of the experiment has been built. Running the simulation has yielded two series of 12 months long each, one correspond- ing to a year of maximum solar activity and the other to a year of minimum solar activity. In this paper the numerical simulation of the GOLF experiment is presented, its sen- sitivity and instrumental response calculated and a power spectra of this two series have been obtained to show its