Abstract
ABSTRACTThe forces that wind exerts on a merchant ship, especially for a container ship that carries high stacks of cargo on board, can be very large; therefore, more accurate simulations than presently available in the literature on the aerodynamics of a container ship are necessary for a safe and efficient shipping. This research tries to demonstrate a newer level of accuracy in capturing the aerodynamic properties of a typical full-stack container ship. Simulations setup was verified against US National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) test data for the Akron airship. These are unique data that can verify the accuracy of the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) prediction for pressure distributions over a three-dimensional (3D) object in nonzero wind angles. The numerical simulations of the container ship, which have been performed by ANSYS-CFX™, focus on wind angles of attack (AOAs) up to 40°, obtained from a voyage data record of a container ship throughout a rather long voyage. A regression equation for air resistance is derived within this range, and a set of voyage data for wind speed and directions is also analyzed to check the applicability of the results. Innovative features of air–sea interface modeling have been included in this report.
Highlights
The new generation of large container ships, such as post-Panamax size, can load eight tiers of containers in height, more than 30 rows in length, and up to 23 bays across the breadth on deck (“FleetMon,” AIS live vessel tracking community 2018)
Results for this range of angle of attack (AOA) have already been presented in Section 4.7, Figure. 16(a–c)
The authors suffice to summarize an added aerodynamic resistance for the container vessel within the dominant range of wind AOAs for all scenarios, according to the equation introduced by ITTC as represented in Equation (10) (ITTC, 1993): RAA
Summary
The new generation of large container ships, such as post-Panamax size, can load eight tiers of containers in height, more than 30 rows in length, and up to 23 bays across the breadth on deck (“FleetMon,” AIS live vessel tracking community 2018). In the past few decades, many studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of wind load on a container ship with large windage area from different aspects. According to Andersson (1978), the induced resistance from the increased rudder angle plays an insignificant role, while according to van Berlekom (1981), it can be as large as the longitudinal force for stronger winds. In Andersson (1978), the individual configurations have been more thoroughly described and discussed – the containers on the fore deck play a more important role in wind resistance than the aft deck, and random container configuration can significantly increase the longitudinal force. It was concluded that the configuration with full load on the fore deck and streamlining of the aft deck is the most favorable among the tested configurations
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