Abstract

Alternating current optimal power flow (ACOPF) problems are nonconvex and nonlinear optimization problems. Utilities and independent service operators (ISO) require ACOPF to be solved in almost real time. Interior point methods (IPMs) are one of the powerful methods for solving large-scale nonlinear optimization problems and are a suitable approach for solving ACOPF with large-scale real-world transmission networks. Moreover, the choice of the formulation is as important as choosing the algorithm for solving an ACOPF problem. In this paper, different ACOPF formulations with various linear solvers and the impact of employing box constraints are evaluated for computational viability and best performance when using IPMs. Different optimization structures are used in these formulations to model the ACOPF problem representing a range of sparsity. The numerical experiments suggest that the least sparse ACOPF formulations with polar voltages yield the best computational results. Additionally, nodal injected models and current-based branch flow models are improved by enforcing box constraints. A wide range of test cases, ranging from 500-bus systems to 9591-bus systems, are used to verify the test results.

Highlights

  • P OWER system operation aims to deliver power to customers in a reliable and cost-effective manner

  • This paper presents different alternating current optimal power flow (ACOPF) formulations, each representing a unique optimization structure and sparsity

  • The numerical experiment in this paper considers Interior point methods (IPMs) implemented to evaluate these formulations by using the IPOPT solver

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Summary

INTRODUCTION

P OWER system operation aims to deliver power to customers in a reliable and cost-effective manner. This paper evaluates the performance of different ACOPF formulations and identifies the best scalable ACOPF formulations The study includes both branch flow and nodal injection models for an ACOPF problem. These formulations, while presenting the same problem, have different optimization structures. Nodal injection formulations are least sparse in structure while branch flow formulation can be relatively sparse The performance of these formulations is evaluated by using one of the most commonly used solvers, IPOPT, that implements the interior point method (IPM) with line search, which is typically used as a benchmark by most of the recent work on ACOPF algorithms [16]–[18].

OPTIMAL POWER FLOW FORMULATIONS
Branch Flow Model
Nodal Injection Model
Voltage Polar Form
Voltage Rectangular Form
Voltage W-Model
Box Constraints
NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS
Findings
CONCLUSION
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