Abstract
The complexity of the formation mechanism of ventilated cavities makes it difficult to be explored experimentally. In this study, the formation mechanism of cavity regimes around a gas jet cavitator were first numerically predicted using the partially averaged Navier–Stokes (PANS) and homogeneous free surface models. The numerical framework was validated by comparing the numerical predictions with available experimental data. The numerical results showed that the cavity evolves across four different regimes with increasing ventilation rate, that is, bubbly flow, stable cavity, unstable cavity, and jet cavity. Moreover, the gas jet length in the front of the nozzle continues to increase, and the vortex structure in the cavity transitions from a streamwise vortex to a vortex filament. Furthermore, the correlation between the adverse pressure gradients and the characteristics of the cavity was analyzed, and the results demonstrated that the adverse pressure gradient leads to stagnation of the gas jet and cavity closure.
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