Numerical characterization of transient two-phase flow of nozzle under the impact of diesel fuel temperature and injector backpressure

Abstract

The inner fluid flow within the micro-sac injector is investigated numerically via AVL-Fire CFD code particularly in a microscale dimension of nozzle hole is carried out in the present work. The structural parameters of the injector are left unchanged, while the physical properties of the fluid such as pressure gradient and fluid temperature are taken into account to survey their influence on vapor volume fraction evolution, vapor mass flow rate, cavitation inception, and discharge coefficient. The reliability of modeling results is confirmed by comparing obtained data with experimental one and numerical results of Payri et al. and a close match served as an indication for the accuracy of the methodology. The multiphase modality is activated for the two-fluid model application in the nozzle segment, while the interfacial source term accounts for the momentum exchange of phases in the cavitation drag model. According to results, increasing the fuel temperature is a factor for increasing turbulent kinetic energy; meanwhile, vapor volume fraction at different times shows a different trend. Concerning the discharge coefficient, it seems that increasing the fluid temperature reduces this parameter. In contrast, increasing the pressure gradient leads to a considerable increase in the discharge coefficient.