Abstract
The singular point at the distance of closest approach r 0 in the integrand of the classical deflection function presents great difficulties. Without problems the integral can be calculated numerically on the interval r 0 + Δ → ∞. Analytical expressions are derived for upper and lower bounds of the integral on the interval r 0 → r 0 + Δ. With an adjustable value of Δ the difference between the bounds can be made arbitrarily small. By replacing the integral around r 0 by these upper and lower bounds the deflection angles can be calculated for any potential function with a high degree of accuracy.
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