Abstract
Through our extensive theoretical and numerical study, we present two theorems on vortex tubes and one corollary on ‘vortex breakdown’. First, we addressed that vortex cannot have ends inside the flow field and the only vortex tube that exists inside the flow field is the ring-like vortex with or without legs on the wall. In addition, we found that the widely spread statement vortex breakdown is theoretically impossible and can never happen inside the flow field. Flow transition in a boundary layer is not caused by vortex breakdown, but rather high shear layers near the wall.
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