Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) was synthesized by using a hydrothermal method with Ca(NO3)2·4H2O and H3PO4. We use x-ray diffraction and field-emission scanning electron microscopy to investigate how pH, reaction temperature, hydrothermal-reaction time, and calcium-ion concentration affects the microstructure and the growth of HA crystals. In addition, we discuss the growth mechanism. The results show that the crystals grow more completely and that the aspect ratio tends to increase with increasing hydrothermal-reaction time, reaction temperature, and calcium-ion concentration. The pH of the system strongly impacts the growth of HA crystals. With increasing pH, the HA crystal grain size and aspect ratio decrease significantly. By using 1 mol/L calcium-ion concentration, pH = 10, and a hydrothermal reaction at 200 °C for 8 h, we obtain high crystallinity and crystal clear of the growth polarity with hexagonal 60–100-nm-long columnar HA, 30–40 nm in diameter. The mechanisms producing this growth may be the effect of growth conditions on ion concentration, thereby changing the HA crystal growth rate along the different crystal axes.
Highlights
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is the main mineral constituent of bone and accounts for 60%–70% of bone mass
We investigate how pH affects the morphology of HA prepared by hydrothermal treatment at 200 ◦C for 8 h
Hydroxyapatite was synthesized by using a hydrothermal method with Ca(NO3)2·4H2O and H3PO4
Summary
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is the main mineral constituent of bone and accounts for 60%–70% of bone mass. Its compatibility with biological tissue is superior to any other artificial material.[1,2,3,4] Because the use of a synthetic compound similar to bone apatite should be advantageous for replacing hard tissue, HA has been studied for use in biomedical engineering as a bone substitute and for bone augmentation.[5,6,7] HA is probably the most investigated material for use with three-dimensional printing and has great development prospects, especially in the field of biological tissue.[8,9,10,11] Human bone apatite structure is about 30 nm in width and 2-3 of the aspect ratio. The basic unit is a rod-like bone apatite crystal, which consists of a variety of orientation and arrangement and is helpful for transfer of nutrients,[12,13] so artificial HA targets this morphology to optimize implantation results. The material preparation is important and studying how different factors affect HA microstructure has practical significance
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