Abstract
A system size scan program was recently proposed for the STAR experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider(RHIC). In this study, we employ a multiphase transport (AMPT) model for considering the bulk properties at the freeze-out stage for $\mathrm{^{10}B+^{10}B}$, $\mathrm{^{12}C+^{12}C}$, $\mathrm{^{16}O+^{16}O}$, $\mathrm{^{20}Ne+^{20}Ne}$, $\mathrm{^{40}Ca+^{40}Ca}$, $\mathrm{^{96}Zr+^{96}Zr}$, and $\mathrm{^{197}Au+^{197}Au}$ collisions at RHIC energies $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ of 200, 20, and 7.7 GeV. The results for $\mathrm{^{197}Au+^{197}Au}$ collisions are comparable with those of previous experimental STAR data. The transverse momentum $p_{T}$ spectra of charged particles ($\pi^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$, $p$, and $\bar{p}$) at the kinetic freeze-out stage, based on a blast-wave model, are also discussed. In addition, we use a statistical thermal model to extract the parameters at the chemical freeze-out stage, which agree with those from other thermal model calculations. It was found that there is a competitive relationship between the kinetic freeze-out parameter $T_{kin}$ and the radial expansion velocity $\beta_{T}$, which also agrees with the STAR or ALICE results. We found that the chemical freeze-out strangeness potential $\mu_{s}$ remains constant in all collision systems and that the fireball radius $R$ is dominated by $\left\langle \mathrm{N_{Part}}\right\rangle$, which can be well fitted by a function of $a \left\langle \mathrm{N_{Part}}\right\rangle^{b}$ with $b \approx 1/3$. In addition, we calculated the nuclear modification factors for different collision systems with respect to the $ \mathrm{{}^{10}B} + \mathrm{{}^{10}B}$ system, and found that they present a gradual suppression within a higher $p_{T}$ range from small to large systems.
Highlights
Over the past few years, there have been numerous efforts to explore a quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase diagram and quark gluon plasma, which are important goals for ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collision experiments [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
It was found that there is a competitive relationship between the kinetic freeze-out parameter Tkin and the radial expansion velocity βT, which agrees with the STAR or ALICE results
We found that the chemical freeze-out strangeness potential μs remains constant in all collision systems and that the fireball radius R is dominated by NPart, which can be well fitted by a function of a NPart b with b ≈ 1/3
Summary
Over the past few years, there have been numerous efforts to explore a quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase diagram and quark gluon plasma, which are important goals for ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collision experiments [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. Many QGP signatures have been proposed based on simultaneous observations of different bulk quantities, which include the chemical freeze-out temperature (Tch), baryon chemical potential (μB), and kinetic freeze-out temperature (Tkin ), as well as the average radial expansion velocity (βT ), which can be studied through the transverse momentum (pT ) spectra of the particles. The thermal model successfully describes the production of particles in heavy-ion collisions with a few parameters such as the chemical freeze-out temperature, baryon chemical potential, and fireball volume. From particle yields or ratios, the thermal model can be used to obtain the chemical freeze-out properties, such as the chemical freeze-out temperature (Tch) as well as the baryon (μB) and strangeness (μS ) chemical potentials [18]. We present the AMPT prediction of pT and dN/dy spectra of identified particles including π ±, k±, p, and pin different symmetric collision systems.
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