NOVOS ANTIDIABÉTICOS E PERSPECTIVAS NO MANEJO DA HIPERGLICEMIA CRÔNICA

Abstract

The management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has evolved with the emergence of new oral and subcutaneous antidiabetic agents, which aim not only at glycemic control but also at the prevention of systemic complications. This study reviews the effects of new classes of hypoglycemic agents, such as SGLT-2 inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists, and insulin analogs, on chronic hyperglycemia control and complication prevention. An integrative literature review was conducted using the PubMed database, with articles published between 2019 and 2024, selected using the search key: ‘novel antidiabetic drugs’ OR ‘SGLT-2 inhibitors’ AND ‘chronic hyperglycemia’. Clinical trials and systematic reviews with full text in English were included. SGLT-2 inhibitors were found to be effective in reducing cardiovascular and renal events, along with a significant improvement in glycemic control. GLP-1 agonists and new combination therapies also demonstrated reductions in HbA1c levels and improvements in therisk profile for complications such as cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, and retinopathy. The inclusion of new devices, such as smart pens, has also contributed to individualized patient management. The introduction of new antidiabetic agents, with innovative mechanisms of action, has brought a significant advancement in the treatment of T2DM patients, aiding in complication prevention and optimizing glycemic control. The continued evolution of these therapies promises new perspectives in disease management.