Abstract
Four novel superelastic alloys, Ti-41Zr-12Nb, Ti-42Zr-11Nb, Ti-43Zr-10Nb, Ti-44Zr-10Nb (at.%), were obtained and studied in terms of their microstructure and mechanical properties. The obtained alloys were subjected to thermomechanical treatment, providing alloys with a pronounced superelastic behavior. Materials phase composition and microstructure were studied using XRD and SEM methods. Based on the XRD results, maximum lattice strains in the 011β direction were calculated as 5.9%, 6.3%, 7.5%, and 7.2% for Ti-41Zr-12Nb, Ti-42Zr-11Nb, Ti-43Zr-10Nb, and Ti-44Zr-10Nb alloys, respectively. Mechanical properties of the thermomechanically-treated alloys were studied by Vickers microhardness testing, static tensile testing, and superelastic mechanical cycling. The maximum superelastic recovery strains attained at room temperature was 3.7%, 1.9%, 3.2%, and 3.0% for the Ti-41Zr-12Nb, Ti-42Zr-11Nb, Ti-43Zr-10Nb, and Ti-44Zr-10Nb alloys, respectively. Ti-41Zr-12Nb alloy demonstrated the highest ductility, with relative elongation to failure of over 20%, combined with the total recovery strain of more than 6%. Obtained results indicate that Ti-41Zr-12Nb is one the most promising alloys of the Ti-Zr-Nb system, with quite perfect superelastic behavior at room temperature.
Highlights
The creation of completely biocompatible metallic materials is one of the most promising areas of modern materials science [1,2]
The absence of a large amount of martensite at room temperature (RT) after TMT indicates that the starting temperature Ms of the forward martensitic transformation β → α is around RT, which is beneficial for superelastic properties at body temperature
The following findings are highlighted: 1. All alloys subjected to an optimum thermomechanical treatment were in a hightemperature metastable β-phase state at room temperature
Summary
The creation of completely biocompatible metallic materials is one of the most promising areas of modern materials science [1,2]. The demand for such materials is growing since the percentage of the elderly population of the Earth is increasing, and, the number of people more susceptible to various bone injuries is increasing [3–6]. Displaying biochemical inertness due to a stable surface oxide film, it, does not meet the requirements of modern medicine in terms of biomechanical compatibility [7–9]. Ti-Ni, discovered back in the 1960s, has excellent biomechanical compatibility with bone tissue but is not suitable for long-term use in the body, since Ni can cause an adverse effect [10–16]
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