Abstract
Abstract Potentiometric pH electrodes are described, which consist of 30 μm films of a ruthenium dioxide-glass composite, prepared by sintering mixtures of powdered lead borosilicate glass and ruthenium dioxide hydrate onto Pyrex substrates at 900 °C. Electrical contact is made either at a point remote from the solution-contacting portion of the electrode or via a platinum wire contact immediately underlying the active area. Composite electrodes with an RuO 2 :lead borosilicate glass ratio of 1:1 show a near-Nernstian dependence of potential upon pH in aqueous buffer between pH 2 and 12, a maximum hysteresis of 30 mV and a response time of approximately 90 s. Response rates appear to be limited by the diffusion of protons through the porous composite and decrease with decreasing RuO 2 :glass ratio. The composite electrodes are completely indifferent to changes in the concentration of dissolved oxygen, but show a small response to chloride ions. Changes in electrode characteristics with aging are reported, of which the most significant is a −65 mV drift in E 0 .
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