Abstract
Bone tissue engineering is constantly in need of new material development with improved biocompatibility or mechanical features closer to those of natural bone. Other important factors are the sustainability, cost, and origin of the natural precursors involved in the technological process. This study focused on two widely used polymers in tissue engineering, namely polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), as well as bovine-bone-derived hydroxyapatite (HA) for the manufacturing of core-shell structures. In order to embed the ceramic particles on the polymeric filaments surface, the materials were introduced in an electrical oven at various temperatures and exposure times and under various pressing forces. The obtained core-shell structures were characterized in terms of morphology and composition, and a pull-out test was used to demonstrate the particles adhesion on the polymeric filaments structure. Thermal properties (modulated temperature and exposure time) and the pressing force’s influence upon HA particles’ insertion degree were evaluated. More to the point, the form variation factor and the mass variation led to the optimal technological parameters for the synthesis of core-shell materials for prospect additive manufacturing and regenerative medicine applications.
Highlights
By combining the knowledge and needs of scientists, engineers, and surgeons, the field of biomaterials is constantly expanding
This study aims to provide a new core-shell material that can be used in the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique, targeted due to its rigorous control of parameters [23,24,25,26,27]
The present research involved preliminary studies on polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filaments with modified core–shell structure. These studies were based on morpho-compositional analysis, given that coating morphology is a must-criteria and the most important factor for the targeted materials along with chemical composition [44]
Summary
By combining the knowledge and needs of scientists, engineers, and surgeons, the field of biomaterials is constantly expanding. In the case of bone tissue defects generated by traumas or diseases, the reconstruction of its structural integrity is a long-studied problem and of current interest to the specialists [2,3,4,5]. In this light, the already reported reconstruction methods involving metallic structures, polymeric biomaterials [6,7] (such as polylactic acid (PLA), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyglycolic acid (PGA), poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) [1,8,9]), and ceramics (mostly hydroxyapatite) [1,10,11,12,13] are of crucial. Along with PLA, TPU was remarked in the additive manufacturing technology [15]
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