Abstract
This study proposes self-assembly-induced 3D plotting as an innovative solid freeform fabrication (SFF) technique for the production of macro/nano-porous collagen scaffolds, particularly comprised of nanofibrous collagen filaments. In this technique, collagen filaments deposited in a coagulation bath could be effectively gelled through the self-assembly of collagen molecules into fibrils, accordingly, enabling the 3-dimensional deposition of collagen filaments with a collagen nanofiber network. The unique macro/nano-structure could be structurally stabilized by dehydration process coupled with chemical cross-linking. The porous collagen scaffolds produced had 3-dimensionally interconnected macropores (~ 451×305μm in pore width) separated by nanoprous collagen filaments. In addition, the macro/nano-porous collagen scaffolds showed the tensile strength of~353kPa and compressive strength of~31kPa at a porosity of~95vol% and excellent in vitro biocompatibility, assessed using pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells.
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