Abstract
Normally, the good conductivity of metals and semimetals is incompatible with the piezoelectricity since the internal electric current will dismiss any polarization. However, here, we reveal that the out-of-plane piezoelectric effect can exist in two-dimensional (2D) metallic/semimetallic materials due to their giant anisotropy. A method is developed to calculate the out-of-plane polarization in 2D systems, where the modern theory of polarization based on a Berry-phase approach is not applicable. Detailed calculation and analysis on a Dirac material, the FeB2 monolayer, show that it has an out-of-plane polarization of 8.3 pC/m and the piezoelectric coefficient of e31 = -59.3 pC/m and d31 = -0.25 pm/V. This work provides a formalism to discover more piezoelectric materials within the vast 2D metallic/semimetallic materials.
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