Novel oligonucleotide-based sorbent for the selective extraction of cadmium from serum samples

Abstract

The objective was to develop a sorbent functionalized with aptamers for the selective extraction of cadmium from biological samples. Two oligonucleotide sequences reported in literature as specific to cadmium were covalently grafted on activated Sepharose, with grafting yields of 45%. Once the supports packed in cartridges, a thorough study of the percolation conditions favoring Cd(II) retention was performed, demonstrating the importance of the nature of this medium. A high selectivity was reached when applying the optimal conditions as a recovery of 85% was obtained using the sorbent functionalized with one of the specific aptamers and only 1% on the control sorbent grafted with a scramble sequence. A high specificity was also obtained as recoveries for most of other ions were lower than 15%. The capacity of this oligosorbent estimated to 180 ng of Cd(II) for 30 mg of support was perfectly adapted to the trace analysis of Cd(II). The extraction procedure was then applied to a serum sample which was first subjected to acid precipitation. The initial concentration of cadmium in the serum was estimated to 1.83 µg/L using standard addition method and an extraction yield of 75 ± 1.6% was measured. Comparison of these results with those obtained without oligoextraction (recovery of 57%) showed a significant reduction of matrix effects in ICP-MS thanks to the use of the oligosorbent, underlining its interest for a more reliable quantification of Cd(II). This result was confirmed by performing the oligoextraction protocol on a certified serum.