Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been regarded as a syndrome of modified lifestyle disorder. The thrifty genotype has been used to elucidate the amplified incidence and prevalence of T2DM in high risk ethnic populations such as Pima Indians, Latino and African Americans, Japanese and Pacific people. Exercise moves the crucial imperfections linked with reduced metabolic capacity and fatty oxidation are interrelated to the etiology of obesity and insulin resistance.
 Objectives: To investigate the statistically significant changes in skeletal muscle mRNA expression with resistance exercise after 16 weeks, using the microarray data and identify the statistically significant genes related to energy metabolism and skeletal muscle remodelling in response to exercise in the SPIRIT study cohort.
 Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was carried out at Massey University, New Zealand from 1st July 2015 to 31st December 2015. Eighteen participants with type 2 diabetes were recruited in aerobic exercise training for 16 weeks. mRNA was extracted from the skeletal muscle biopsy sample. Examination of the gene set, molecular and physiological function analysis and network construction was performed in Ingenuity Pathways Analysis. A total of 20,000 genes associated with the human genome were probed.
 Results: Total 653 genes (3.3% of the human genome) were found to change in expression, with statistical significance, after 16 weeks of intervention. a total of 143 genes had a fold change 1.2. Out of the 143 genes, 120 showed a fold change 1.3 and 20 genes had a fold change 1.4.
 Conclusion: The resistance exercise could be an important rehabilitation tool to stimulate skeletal muscle flexibility in people with T2DM and obesity.
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