Novel highly selective fluorescence sensing strategy for Mercury(Ⅱ) in water based on nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots

Abstract

In this work, a fluorescent signal-closing probe of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (NCQDs) was developed for quantitative detection of mercury ions (Hg2+). In this detection system, the NCQDs with high quantum yield (QY, 63.80 %) were synthesized via simple hydrothermal method with Methyl Glycine Diacetic acid Trisodium Salt (MGDA) and m-phenylenediamine (MPD) as carbon and nitrogen sources. The NCQDs have a typical surface structure and exceptional fluorescence stability, and their fluorescence zones are centered on excitation wavelengths of 440 nm and emission wavelengths of 510 nm. Under optimal conditions, the NCQDs have outstanding anti-interference ability to various ions and high selectivity to mercury ions. The fluorescence intensity of the detection system is weakened due to the generation of non-fluorescent groups caused by the static quenching effect. The fluorescence quenching efficiency shows a fascinating linear relationship with Hg2+ ions at 0–100 μM (y = 0.0051x-0.015, R2 = 0.9943), and the detection limit is 0.9 μM. Acute toxicity test shows that NCQDs have low toxicity and little harm to environment. The detection system can be used for the quantification of mercury ions in environmental water samples, and the recovery rate is between 99.64 % and 103.43 %, indicating that it is a simple and economical fluorescence detection method.