Novel blue hydrogen production process through chemical looping water splitting with sorption enhanced-steam methane reforming (CLWS + SE-SMR) coupling.

Process simulations of blue hydrogen production by upgraded sorption enhanced steam methane reforming (SE-SMR) processes

Phase transition Ni-Co-Ca-O bifunctional catalysts for high and stable hydrogen production from sorption enhanced steam methane reforming

Techno-economic analysis of low-carbon hydrogen production by sorption enhanced steam methane reforming (SE-SMR) processes

Self-sustained process scheme for high purity hydrogen production using sorption enhanced steam methane reforming coupled with chemical looping combustion

Comparative study of conventional steam-methane-reforming (SMR) and auto-thermal-reforming (ATR) with their hybrid sorption enhanced (SE-SMR & SE-ATR) and environmentally benign process models for the hydrogen production

Formaldehyde as an intermediate in the steam reforming of methane

Advancements in sorption-enhanced steam reforming for clean hydrogen production: A comprehensive review

Mechanism insights into sorption enhanced methane steam reforming using Ni-doped CaO for H2 production by DFT study

Anthropogenic CO2 emission is a key driver in global warming and climate change. Worldwide, H2 production accounts for 2.5% of this CO2 emission. A shift to clean methods of hydrogen production is required to reduce CO2 emissions, and to mitigate the effects of climate change. Developing optimised process models of H2 production processes is required in order to investigate the effects of operational variables of the process and their impacts on key performance indicators (KPIs). Within this study, a detailed rate-based model was implemented to simulate the reformer in Sorption Enhanced Steam Methane Reforming (SE-SMR), as well as Sorption-Enhanced Auto-Thermal Reforming (SE-ATR) processes. The results indicate that the SE-ATR/ATR corresponds to a significantly improved performance over the SMR with the optimal operating conditions for achieving the desired KPIs, including hydrogen purity (86%), hydrogen yield (36%), methane conversion (99%), and carbon capture rate (50%) at a temperature of 720 °C, a pressure of 20 bara, and an S/C ratio of 6. Whereas with SMR, the temperature, pressure, and S/C ratio should be adjusted to 975 °C, 20 bara, and 6, respectively, to achieve a hydrogen purity of 84%, a hydrogen yield of 42%, a methane conversion of 96%, and a carbon capture rate of 48%. The study provides insights into the optimal operating conditions to achieve maximum efficiency in the reformer, and demonstrates the effectiveness of incorporating DoE within process modelling as a tool for optimisation.

ABSTRACTA 1 m high laboratory‐scale and a 4 m high industrial‐scale sorption‐enhanced steam methane reforming (SE‐SMR) fluidized bed reactor were simulated using a three‐fluid model. The performance of the SE‐SMR process was compared with the steam methane reforming (SMR) process. The influences of the superficial gas velocities and the solid loading (packed bed heights) on the reactor performance (hydrogen purity) were studied. The simulation results show that a higher purity of the hydrogen product can be obtained in a SE‐SMR reactor. The superficial gas velocity is an important parameter. In the present study, it has been found that the binary sorbent‐catalyst particles are well mixed when the bed is operated at m/s. The sorbent can adsorb CO steadily, thus the dry mole fraction of the hydrogen product can get above 0.95 in the 1 m laboratory‐scale bed, and above 0.97 in the 4 m industrial‐scale bed. However, when the laboratory scale bed is operated at a lower superficial gas velocity of m/s, the binary sorbent‐catalyst particles are segregated. When the bed is operated at a higher superficial gas velocity of 0.3 m/s, the process work load is increased, and the gas residence time in the reactor is decreased. Therefore, the hydrogen product purity is further decreased. The simulation results also show that there is an optimal bed height limit for the 4 m industrial‐scale bed, at which further increase of the packed bed height cannot increase the hydrogen purity.

The European Commission have just stated that hydrogen would play a major role in the economic recovery of post-COVID-19 EU countries. Hydrogen is recognised as one of the key players in a fossil fuel-free world in decades to come. However, commercially practiced pathways to hydrogen production todays, are associated with a considerable amount of carbon emissions. The Paris Climate Change Agreement has set out plans for an international commitment to reduce carbon emissions within the forthcoming decades. A sustainable hydrogen future would only be achievable if hydrogen production is “designed” to capture such emissions. Today, nearly 98% of global hydrogen production relies on the utilisation of fossil fuels. Among these, steam methane reforming (SMR) boasts the biggest share of nearly 50% of the global generation. SMR processes correspond to a significant amount of carbon emissions at various points throughout the process. Despite the dark side of the SMR processes, they are projected to play a major role in hydrogen production by the first half of this century. This that a sustainable, yet clean short/medium-term hydrogen production is only possible by devising a plan to efficiently capture this co-produced carbon as stated in the latest International Energy Agency (IEA) reports. Here, we have carried out an in-depth technical review of the processes employed in sorption-enhanced steam methane reforming (SE-SMR), an emerging technology in low-carbon SMR, for combined carbon capture and hydrogen production. This paper aims to provide an in-depth review on two key challenging elements of SE-SMR i.e. the advancements in catalysts/adsorbents preparation, and current approaches in process synthesis and optimisation including the employment of artificial intelligence in SE-SMR processes. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is a clear gap in the literature where the above areas have been scrutinised in a systematic and coherent fashion. The gap is even more pronounced in the application of AI in SE-SMR technologies. As a result, this work aims to fill this gap within the scientific literature.

3D Simulation of bubbling fluidized bed reactors for sorption enhanced steam methane reforming processes

A modified process for overcoming the drawbacks of conventional steam methane reforming for hydrogen production: Thermodynamic investigation

Calcium-based pellets for continuous hydrogen production by sorption-enhanced steam methane reforming

Alternative generation of H 2, CO and H 2, CO 2 mixtures from steam—carbon dioxide reforming of methane and the water gas shift with permeable (membrane) reactors