Abstract
The growing focus on increasing renewable energy generation has expanded distributed generation schemes and localized DC grids worldwide. Therefore, DC households are becoming a more prevalent and efficient alternative to their AC counterpart. Even though the bipolar DC grid is more reliable and efficient than the unipolar counterpart, very few works are reported, and there exists scope for improvement. A novel Four-port Converter (FPC) suitable for integrating Renewable Energy Sources (e.g., solar PV), Energy Storage elements (e.g., lead-acid battery), and a bipolar port capable of bi-directional power flow (DC household), is proposed in this paper. This scheme is named Bipolar Boost Four-port Converter (BBFPC) and has inductively interfaced ports capable of handling bi-directional power flow. BBFPC is capable of performing the following functions: (a) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for solar PV, (b) over-charge and over-discharge protections for the lead-acid battery, and (c) either voltage regulation of the bipolar port in stand-alone mode or power distribution control of the bipolar port in grid-connected mode. The performance of the BBFPC PV-based bipolar DC system in various operating conditions is analyzed and validated using a 400W prototype.
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