Abstract
Lead is a potentially toxic element (PTE) that has several adverse medical effects in humans. Its presence in the environment became prominent due to anthropogenic activities. The current study explores the use of newly developed composite materials (organic–inorganic hybrid) based on PANI-GO-APTES for electrochemical detection of Pb2+ in aqueous solution. The composite material (PANI-GO-APTES) was synthesized by chemical method and was characterized with SEM, XPS, XEDS, XRD, TGA, FTIR, EIS and CV. The result of characterization indicates the successful synthesis of the intended material. The PANI-GO-APTES was successfully applied for electrochemical detection of Pb2+ using cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry method. The limit of detection of Pb2+ was 0.0053 µM in the linear range of 0.01 µM to 0.4 µM. The current response produced during the electrochemical reduction of Pb2+ catalyzed by PANI-GO-APTES was also very repeatable, reproducible and rapid. The application of PANI-GO-APTES-modified GCE in real sample analysis was also established. Therefore, PANI-GO-APTES is presented as a potential Pb2+ sensor for environmental and human health safety.
Highlights
Hybrid organic–inorganic (HOI) composites were discovered several decades back.they did not attract the interest of the scientific community until the 1990s whenToyota recorded a massive increase in the strength of the materials used for its automobiles by incorporation of mica to nylon to yield novel HOI material [1,2]
Novel PANI-graphene oxide (GO)-APTES composite was synthesized by wet chemical method, and its formation was confirmed using characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermal gravimetry analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry
The characterization studies revealed that the synthesized PANI-GO-APTES had an amorphous structure, good electrical conductivity and good thermal stability
Summary
Hybrid organic–inorganic (HOI) composites were discovered several decades back.they did not attract the interest of the scientific community until the 1990s whenToyota recorded a massive increase in the strength of the materials used for its automobiles by incorporation of mica to nylon to yield novel HOI material [1,2]. Hybrid organic–inorganic (HOI) composites were discovered several decades back. They did not attract the interest of the scientific community until the 1990s when. The inorganic component of the HOI contributes some properties such as magnetic and dielectric effects and chemical and thermal stability [3,4,5]. The use of 2D materials as components of HOI has gained much attention because it delivers appealing hybrid materials [6]. The obtained mixture of PANI-GO-APTES was filtered using Whatman filter paper. Polymers 2021, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW mixture of PANI-GO-APTES was filtered using Whatman filter paper. The purified resithen collected in collected a clean mortar where they were ground into powder duesdried were overnight driedand overnight and in a clean mortar where they were ground form
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