Novel adiposity indices and their role in identifying left ventricular hypertrophy among hypertensive individuals undergoing echocardiography.

BackgroundThis study aimed to assess the relationship of a new anthropometric index with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in hypertensive patients among the Han Chinese.MethodsThe study is a community-based cross-sectional study that included 4639 patients with hypertension and integrated clinical and echocardiographic data. Left ventricular (LV) mass was measured by transthoracic echocardiography. LVH was diagnosed by using the criteria of left ventricular mass indexed (LVMI) over 49.2 g/m2.7 for men and 46.7 g/m2.7 for women. Quartiles of a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), waist circumference (WC), and body mass index (BMI) were used regarding LVH prevalence. The logistic regression model was used to determine the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the new anthropometric index and LVH. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive ability of the obesity indices for LVH risk.ResultsThe prevalence of LVH increased across quartiles for ABSI, BRI, BMI, and WC. Comparing the lowest with the highest quartile, adjusted OR (95% CI) for LVH were significantly different for BRI 3.86 (3.12–4.77), BMI 3.54 (2.90–4.31), and WC 2.29 (1.88–2.78). No association was observed for ABSI. According to ROC analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) of BRI was (AUC: 0.653, 95% CI 0.637–0.669), BMI (AUC: 0.628, 95% CI 0.612–0.644), WC (AUC: 0.576, 95% CI 0.559–0.593), ABSI (AUC: 0.499, 95% CI 0.482–0.516).ConclusionsThis study shows that LVH prevalence increased per quartile across the Han Chinese population with hypertension for ABSI, BRI, BMI, and WC. There is a significant association between BRI and LVH in hypertensive people, while ABSI was not. BRI showed potential for use as an alternative obesity measure in the assessment of LVH.

To investigate the screening value and correlation of body measurement indicators for metabolic syndrome(MS) and to provide evidence for MS screening. Through a cross-sectional research approach, data from individuals aged 18 and above who participated in health examinations at the North Health Management Center of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from 2018 to 2020 were reviewed. Data including height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking history, and alcohol consumption history were collected. Subsequently, a body shape index(ABSI), body roundness index(BRI), body adiposity index(BAI), abdominal volume index(AVI), relative fat mass index(RFM), and body mass index(BMI) were computed. The individuals were then divided into MS and non-MS groups. The value of body measurement indices in screening for MS in the population aged 18 and above was assessed using ROC curves. Regression analysis was employed to explore the correlation between body measurement indices and MS. A total of 73 411 valid health examination data were obtained, including 44 426 males and 28 985 females. The MS group comprised 9181 males(21%) and 1668 females(6%). In the comparison between the MS and non-MS groups, there were statistically significant differences in ABSI((0.08±0.00) vs. (0.08±0.00)), BRI((4.95±0.67) vs. (4.17±0.68)), BAI((28.08±3.52) vs. (26.39±3.39)), AVI((17.51±2.77) vs. (12.85±2.91)), BMI((27.15±2.99) vs. (23.00±3.04)) and RFM((29.77±5.35) vs. (27.13±6.39))(P<0.05). Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that ABSI(OR=2.303, 95%CI 1.190-4.457), BRI(OR=4.596, 95%CI 4.446-4.752), BAI(OR=1.144, 95%CI 1.137-1.151), AVI(OR=1.668, 95%CI 1.652-1.684), RFM(OR=1.067, 95%CI 1.064-1.071) and BMI(OR=1.516, 95%CI 1.503-1.528) were associated with MS(P<0.05). Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis corrected for sex, age, smoking and alcohol consumption showed that ABSI(OR=1.767, 95% CI 4.237-7.371), BRI(OR=5.441, 95% CI 5.228-5.663), BAI(OR=1.269, 95% CI 1.260-1.279), AVI(OR=1.648, 95% CI 1.631-1.665), RFM(OR=1.504, 95% CI 1.491-1.517) and BMI(OR=1.508, 95% CI 1.495-1.522) were associated with MS(P<0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that in adults, the AVI had the highest screening value for MS in males(AUC=0.855, optimal cutoff value=16.18), followed by RFM(AUC=0.844, optimal cutoff value=25.71), BMI(AUC=0.811, optimal cutoff value=25.21), BRI(AUC=0.793, optimal cutoff value=4.39), BAI(AUC=0.709, optimal cutoff value=25.88), and ABSI(AUC=0.671, optimal cutoff value=0.08). In adult females, the RFM had the highest screening value for MS(AUC=0.918, optimal cutoff value=37.01), followed by AVI(AUC=0.911, optimal cutoff value=13.43), BRI(AUC=0.901, optimal cutoff value=4.71), BMI(AUC=0.860, optimal cutoff value=23.94), ABSI(AUC=0.804, optimal cutoff value=0.08), and BAI(AUC=0.797, optimal cutoff value=29.92). ABSI, BRI, BAI, AVI, BMI and RFM are all capable of screening for MS. Among males, AVI has the highest screening value for MS, followed by RFM, BMI, BRI, BAI and ABSI. Among females, RFM has the highest screening value for MS, followed by AVI, BRI, BMI, ABSI and BAI. ABSI, BRI, BAI, AVI, RFM and BMI are positively correlated with MS.

Background/Objectives: Obesity is a key driver of cardiovascular disease (CVD), with central adiposity directly involved in adverse cardiac remodeling. Body mass index (BMI) is limited in capturing fat distribution and associated cardiovascular risk. Novel anthropometric indices, including A Body Shape Index (ABSI) and Body Roundness Index (BRI), may offer greater clinical value, but their relationship with electrocardiographic markers of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) remains underexplored. This study aims to assess the correlation between novel adiposity indices (ABSI and BRI) and electrocardiographic evidence of LVH, as measured by the Sokolow-Lyon Index (SLI), in individuals with arterial hypertension. Methods: 274 hypertensive patients were recruited, and BMI, ABSI, and BRI were calculated. LVH was assessed via SLI on 12-lead ECG. Participants were stratified by the SLI (≤35 mm vs. >35 mm) for statistical analyses. Results: Patients with a lower SLI showed significantly higher values of ABSI and BRI compared to those in higher SLI group, without differences in BMI. In the entire population, SLI was significantly and inversely correlated with both ABSI (r = −0.296, p < 0.001) and BRI (r = −0.238, p < 0.01), but not with BMI. Multivariate regression analysis confirmed ABSI (p = 0.013) and BRI (p = 0.038) as independent predictors of SLI, even after adjusting for age, blood pressure, renal function, and metabolic parameters. Conclusions: ABSI and BRI are inversely and independently associated with ECG-derived SLI in hypertensive individuals, suggesting that central adiposity may attenuate ECG voltages and obscure LVH detection. Incorporating novel adiposity indices into ECG interpretation may enhance diagnostic accuracy and risk stratification in obese and hypertensive populations. Longitudinal studies are needed to validate these findings and refine clinical algorithms.

Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) have long been important physical assessment indicators. In recent years a body shape index (ABSI) and body roundness index (BRI) have gained importance as new physical assessment indicators. However, it is unclear how these physical assessment indicators assess psychological symptoms in adolescents. The main purpose of this study was to determine the ability of BMI, WC, WHtR, ABSI, and BRI indicators to recognize psychological symptoms in Chinese adolescents and to examine whether ABSI and BRI are superior to the traditional BMI, WC, and WHtR. In this study, 42,472 (boys, 21,026, 49.5%) adolescents aged 12-18 years from six geographic regions in China were assessed for multiple physical assessment indicators (BMI, WC, WHtR, ABSI, BRI) and psychological symptoms from 2015 to 2016. One-way analysis of variance, Spearman's rank test, multifactor logistic regression analysis, and ROC analysis were used to analyze the validity of multiple physical assessment indicators to identify psychological symptoms. The prevalence of psychological symptoms among Chinese adolescents aged 12-18 years was 26.17%. The BMI, WC, WHtR, ABSI, and BRI of the adolescents were (20.19 ± 3.43) kg/m2, (69.68 ± 10.05) cm, (0.42 ± 0.06), (0.06 ± 0.01), and (2.05 ± 0.92), respectively. The results of Spearman's rank test showed a positive correlation (p < 0.001) between BMI, WC, WHtR, and BRI were positively associated with psychological symptoms (p < 0.001). The highest Spearman correlation coefficient was found between WC and psychological symptoms (r = 0.134, p < 0.001), and BMI was the lowest (r = 0.108, p < 0.001). Overall, the prevalence of psychological symptoms for all five physical assessment indicators (BMI, WC, WHtR, ABSI, and BRI) showed an increasing trend from Q1 to Q4 (p < 0.001). Overall, WC (AUC: 0.61, 95%CI: 0.61-0.62), WHtR (AUC: 0.61, 95%CI: 0.60-0.61), and BRI (AUC: 0.61, 95%CI: 0.60-0.61) were highly and identically predictive of psychological symptoms; ABSI was the least predictive of psychological symptoms (AUC: 0.51, 95%CI: 0.50 ~ 0.51). This study found that neither the ABSI nor the BRI was superior to BMI, WC, or WHtR in predicting psychological symptoms in Chinese adolescents. The ABSI was the least predictive of psychological symptoms in Chinese adolescents, whereas the BRI showed potential as a surrogate for WC and WHtR indicators for assessing psychological symptoms. This study provides additional help and suggestions for better identification of psychological symptoms in Chinese adolescents.

To investigate the association between various obesity indices and the risk of developing microvascular complications in adult patients with Type 2 diabetes(T2DM), using cohort data derived from Yinzhou District Health Big Data Platform of China. This study included adult patients with type 2 diabetes(T2DM) who were enrolled between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2013, in Yinzhou District, Ningbo, and did not have any microvascular complications at baseline. Data collection encompassed demographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviors, laboratory test result, and physical examination findings, obtained at both baseline and during follow-up periods through structured epidemiological surveys and clinical assessments. Various obesity indices were calculated, including body mass index(BMI), waist-to-height ratio(WHtR), a body shape index(ABSI) and body roundness index(BRI). We also computed the coefficients of variation for these obesity indices during the follow-up period. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the association between obesity indices at baseline and follow-up, and the risk of developing microvascular complications. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves were used to analyze the predictive efficacy of the coefficients of variation for BMI, WHtR, ABSI and BRI in relation to microvascular complications, and the areas under the curve(AUCs) were calculated. A total of 27 635 patients with type 2 diabetes(T2DM) were included, contributing to 153 717 person-years of follow-up. During this period, 12 969 new cases of microvascular complications were identified, resultsing in an incidence rate of 84.37 cases per 1000 person-years. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the occurrence of complications: those with microvascular complications and those without. There was no significant difference in blood glucose levels between the two groups at baseline. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, laboratory indicators, and potential confounders such as a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia, it was found that only the WHtR(HR=1.027, 95%CI 1.008-1.046), ABSI(HR=1.035, 95%CI 1.018-1.053) and BRI(HR=1.030, 95%CI 1.011-1.049) were independently associated with the risk of microvascular complications at baseline, while waist circumference(HR=1.010, 95%CI 0.992-1.029) and BMI(HR=0.985, 95%CI 0.967-1.002) were not significantly related(P&gt;0.05). During the follow-up period, the coefficients of variation for all obesity indices were independently associated with an increased risk of microvascular complications. Among them, abdominal obesity indices, such as waist circumference(HR=0.063, 95%CI 1.057-1.069), WHtR(HR=1.060, 95%CI 1.054-1.066), and ABSI(HR=1.062, 95%CI 1.058-1.066), were most strongly linked to the risk of microvascular complications. Further stratified analysis based on baseline BMI revealed that the variability in abdominal obesity indices was more strongly associated with microvascular complications in patients with normal and overweight BMI compared to those with obesity. Specifically, the following result were observed: waist circumference(HR_(normal BMI)=1.074, HR_(overweight)=1.059, HR_(obesity)=1.041; P&lt;0.01), WHtR(HR_(normal BMI)=1.069, HR_(overweight)=1.059, HR_(obesity)=1.037; P&lt;0.01), ABSI(HR_(normal BMI)=1.065, HR_(overweight)=1.067, HR_(obesity)=1.038; P&lt;0.01), BRI(HR_(normal BMI)=1.023, HR_(overweight)=1.020, HR_(obesity)=1.011; P&lt;0.01). Additionally, to further explore the predictive value of various obesity indices for microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM), we conducted stratified analyses based on sex and age(using 60 years as the cutoff). WHtR showed similar predictive performance between men(AUC = 0.794) and women(AUC=0.789). However, WHtR demonstrated stronger predictive ability in individuals over 60 years old(AUC = 0.803) compared to those aged 60 years or younger(AUC = 0.777). ABSI exhibited a higher predictive value in men(AUC = 0.752) than in women(AUC = 0.730), and again, the index performed better in the older population(AUC = 0.761) than in the younger group(AUC = 0.725). Similarly, BRI demonstrated comparable performance between sexes [men(AUC = 0.796) and women(AUC = 0.791)] with the highest predictive accuracy seen in participants over 60 years(AUC = 0.806). By contrast, BMI showed relatively lower predictive power across all subgroups. Specifically, the AUC values for BMI were 0.744 in men and 0.714 in women, 0.714 in those aged 60 years or below and 0.748 in those above 60 years. Increased baseline abdominal obesity indices(WHtR, ABSI and BRI) and higher variability in obesity indices during follow-up are strongly associated with increased risks of microvascular complications in T2DM patients. In individuals with normal BMI, higher variability in abdominal obesity indices is positively correlated with the risk of microvascular complications. Furthermore, the variability in abdominal obesity indices(WHtR, ABSI and BRI) provides better predictive ability for microvascular complications compared to general obesity indices(BMI), especially in male patients and those aged over 60.

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS), a condition of metabolic disorders, is now causing large disease burden around the world. This study aimed to update the prevalence of MetS in Jiangsu Province of China and evaluate the predicting value of five anthropometric measures including waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), a body shape index (ABSI) and body roundness index (BRI) in MetS.Methods8040 participants from 12 survey sites were enrolled into this cross-sectional study by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method from 2014 nutrition and diet investigation project in Jiangsu Province. The transformation of sex-specific z-score made the comparison meaningful when conducting the logistic analysis between anthropometric indices and MetS. The abilities of anthropometric indices to predict MetS were evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Delong test was applied to compare area under different ROC curves.ResultsThe prevalence of MetS in Jiangsu Province was 35.2% and the standardized prevalence was 34.8%. WC, BMI, WHtR, ABSI and BRI z-scores were positively related to MetS and its components. WC, WHtR and BRI z-score had stronger associations with MetS than BMI and ABSI in both male and female population. WC, WHtR and BRI had larger area under ROC curve than BMI and ABSI in male and female. WC in men had the largest area under the ROC curve, significantly higher than the other four measures of BMI, WHtR, ABSI and BRI (Z value = 9.08, 2.88, 16.73, 2.75 respectively). Among women, WC, WHtR and BRI had larger area under the ROC curve than BMI and ABSI, but the area under the WC, WHtR and BRI curve were not significantly different after the pairwise comparison by the Delong test. The optimal cut-off values of WC, WHtR and BRI for predicting MetS was 85.25 cm, 0.52 and 3.61 in male, 80.05 cm, 0.51 and 3.83 in female.ConclusionMetS has become one of the major chronic diseases in Jiangsu Province. WC was better than other four indices in predicting MetS among male population in Jiangsu. WC, WHtR and BRI had superior abilities than BMI/ABSI in predicting MetS among female population.

Introduction: The body roundness index (BRI) and a body shape index (ABSI) are novel anthropometric indices established to determine both the amount visceral adipose tissue and body fat. Objective: to investigate whether BRI and ABSI are better predictors of hypertension than body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) or waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Methods: A systematic search was conducted in the Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science databases up until 31 December 2020. Results: The estimated pooled area under curve [AUC (95% CI)] for BRI [0.67 (0.65–0.70)] for the prediction of hypertension were superior to that of ABSI (0.58 (0.56–0.60)), similar to that of BMI [0.67 (0.64–0.69)], and lower than those WC [0.68 (0.66–0.70)] and WHtR [0.68 (0.66–0.71)]. Nevertheless, the difference of BRI compared to WC and WHtR in the context of predicting hypertension was non-significant. ABSI was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than BRI, BMI, WC and WHtR. Similar findings were observed with the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-SROC). There were no significant differences between subgroups according to type of population or diagnostic criteria of hypertension. The diagnostic odds ratio (dORs) proved that increased BRI and ABSI were related with an elevated hypertension risk. Conclusions: BRI and ABSI have discriminatory power for hypertension in adult women and men from different populations. Although, WHtR and WC provided the best performance when assessing hypertension, no significant differences were found for BRI. Finally, BRI was significantly better predictor of hypertension than ABSI.

Objective:To investigate the role of the body roundness index（BRI） and a body shape index（ABSI） in the assessment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome（OSAHS）. Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical records of 256 adult patients with suspected OSAHS who underwent polysomnography（PSG） in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Peking University Third Hospital, from March 2024 to February 2025. The collected data included gender, age, Body Mass Index（BMI）, waist circumference（WC）, Apnea-Hypopnea Index（AHI）, and the lowest oxygen saturation（LSaO2）. Non-parametric correlation analysis, Receiver Operating Characteristic（ROC） curve analysis, and multiple logistic regression analysis were employed to explore the relationships between WC, BMI, BRI, ABSI, age and other indicators, as well as AHI and LSaO2. Results:Non-parametric correlation analysis showed that, among males, the indicators most strongly correlated with AHI, in descending order, were WC（r=0.476, P<0.001）, BMI（r=0.458, P<0.001）, and BRI（r=0.456, P<0.001）. Among females, the order was BRI（r=0.567, P<0.001）, WC（r=0.484, P<0.001）, BMI（r=0.449, P<0.001）, and age（r=0.352, P=0.004）. For the correlation with LSaO2, in males, the order was BMI（r=-0.445, P<0.001）, WC（r=-0.426, P<0.001）, and BRI（r=-0.415, P<0.001）; in females, it was BRI（r=-0.482, P<0.001）, BMI（r=-0.468, P<0.001）, and WC（r=-0.373, P<0.001）. ROC curve analysis indicated that the indicators of predictive performance for AHI>15/h from strongest to weakest（area under the curve, AUC） were WC（AUC=0.655, P<0.001）, BRI（AUC=0.646, P=0.001）, and BMI（AUC=0.646, P=0.001） in males; in females they were BRI（AUC=0.836, P<0.001）, WC（AUC=0.799, P<0.001）, and BMI（AUC=0.766, P=0.001）. Predictors of LSaO2<80% from strongest to weakest performance were BMI（AUC=0.701, P<0.001）, WC（AUC=0.689, P<0.001）, and BRI（AUC=0.689, P<0.001） in men; in females they were BRI（AUC=0.744, P=0.007）, BMI（AUC=0.724, P=0.013）, and WC（AUC=0.680, P=0.046）. Multifactor logistic regression analysis shows that in men WC（OR=1.049, 95%CI1.009-1.091） was an independent risk factor for AHI>15/h, and WC（OR=1.075, 95%CI1.038-1.114） was an independent risk factor for LSaO2<80%; in women BRI（OR=2.899, 95%CI 1.528-5.550） was an independent risk factor for AHI>15/h, and BMI（OR=1.276, 95%CI1.067-1.527） was an independent risk factor for LSaO2<80%. Conclusion:BRI is closely correlated with the severity of OSAHS in both adult male and female populations, with a more pronounced correlation in females. BRI may have advantages over other anthropometric measures in predicting the risk of OSAHS, playing a decisive role in predicting OSAHS in adult females, and may serve as a novel indicator for predicting the severity of OSAHS in adult women.

A Body Shape Index and Body Roundness Index: Two New Body Indices to Identify left Ventricular Hypertrophy among Rural Populations in Northeast China

BackgroundThe Body Mass Index (BMI) has long been used as an anthropometric measurement. Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) have been proposed as alternatives to BMI. Recently, two new anthropometric indices, the A Body Shape Index (ABSI) and Body Roundness Index (BRI) have been developed as possible improved alternatives to BMI and WC. The main research aim is to assess the capacity of the ABSI and BRI to identify subjects with diabetes mellitus (DM) and the secondary aim is to determine whether ABSI and/or BRI is superior to the traditional body indices (BMI, WC, and WHtR).Methods and ResultsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural areas of northeast China from January 2012 to August 2013, and the final analysis included data obtained form 5253 men and 6092 women. 1182 participants (10.4 %) suffered from DM. Spearman rank test showed that BRI and WHtR showed the highest Spearman correlation coefficient for DM whereas ABSI showed the lowest. The prevalence of DM increased across quartiles for ABSI, BMI, BRI, WC and WHtR. A multivariate logistic regression analysis of the presence of DM for the highest quartile vs. the lowest quartile of each anthropometric measure, showed that the WHtR was the best predictor of DM (OR: 2.40, 95 % CI: 1.42–3.39 in men; OR: 2.67, 95 % CI: 1.60–3.74 in women, both P < 0.001), and the ABSI was the poorest predictor of DM (OR: 1.51, 95 % CI: 1.05–1.97 in men; OR: 1.55, 95 % CI: 1.07–2.04 in women, both P < 0.05). ABSI showed the lowest AUCs (AUC: 0.61, 95 % CI: 0.58–0.63 for men; AUC: 0.61, 95 % CI: 0.59–0.63 for women) for DM in both sexes, while BRI (AUC: 0.66, 95 % CI: 0.63–0.68 for men; AUC: 0.67, 95 % CI: 0.65–0.69 for women) had high AUCs for DM that equaled those of WHtR.ConclusionsOur results showed neither ABSI nor BRI were superior to BMI, WC, or WHtR for predicting the presence of DM. ABSI showed the weakest predictive ability, while BRI showed potential for use as an alternative obesity measure in assessment of DM.

BackgroundVarious anthropometric indices can be used to estimate obesity, and it is important to determine which one is the best in predicting the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and to define the optimal cut-off point for the best index.MethodsThis cross-sectional study investigated a consecutive sample of 11,247 adults, who had lived in rural areas of China and were older than 35 years of age. Eight obesity indices, including the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), abdominal volume index (AVI), body adiposity index (BAI), body roundness index (BRI) and a body shape index (ABSI) were investigated. The risk of CHD was evaluated by the 10-year coronary event risk (Framingham risk score). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to evaluate the predictive ability of the obesity indices for CHD risk.ResultsOf the whole population, 3636 (32.32%) participants had a risk score higher than 10%. Those who suffered medium or high CHD risk were more likely to have higher mean anthropometric indices, except for BMI in males. In the multivariate-adjusted logistic regression, all these anthropometric measurements were statistically associated with CHD risk in males. After adjusting for all the possible confounders, these anthropometric measurements, except for ABSI, remained as independent indicators of CHD risk in females. According to the ROC analyses, ABSI provided the largest area under the curve (AUC) value in males, and BMI showed the lowest AUC value, with AUC varying from 0.52 to 0.60. WHtR and BRI provided the largest AUC value in female, and similarly, BMI showed the lowest AUC value, with AUC varying from 0.59 to 0.70. The optimal cut-off values were as follows: WHtR (females: 0.54), BRI (females: 4.21), and ABSI (males: 0.078).ConclusionsABSI was the best anthropometric index for estimating CHD risk in males, and WHtR and BRI were the best indicators in females. Males should maintain an ABSI of less than 0.078, and females should maintain a WHtR of less than 0.54 or a BRI of less than 4.21.

Metabolic syndrome is a common condition among middle-aged and elderly people. Recent studies have reported the association between obesity- and lipid-related indices and metabolic syndrome, but whether those conditions could predict metabolic syndrome is still inconsistent in a few longitudinal studies. In our study, we aimed to predict metabolic syndrome by obesity- and lipid-related indices in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults. A national cohort study that consisted of 3,640 adults (≥45 years) was conducted. A total of 13 obesity- and lipid-related indices, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), conicity index (CI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), and triglyceride glucose index (TyG-index) and its correlation index (TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR), were recorded. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined based on the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (2005). Participants were categorized into two groups according to the different sex. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations between the 13 obesity- and lipid-related indices and MetS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve studies were used to identify the best predictor of MetS. A total of 13 obesity- and lipid-related indices were independently associated with MetS risk, even after adjustment for age, sex, educational status, marital status, current residence, history of drinking, history of smoking, taking activities, having regular exercises, and chronic diseases. The ROC analysis revealed that the 12 obesity- and lipid-related indices included in the study were able to discriminate MetS [area under the ROC curves (AUC > 0.6, P < 0.05)] and ABSI was not able to discriminate MetS [area under the ROC curves (AUC < 0.6, P > 0.05)]. The AUC of TyG-BMI was the highest in men, and that of CVAI was the highest in women. The cutoff values for men and women were 187.919 and 86.785, respectively. The AUCs of TyG-BMI, CVAI, TyG-WC, LAP, TyG-WHtR, BMI, WC, WHtR, BRI, VAI, TyG index, CI, and ABSI were 0.755, 0.752, 0.749, 0.745, 0.735, 0.732, 0.730, 0.710, 0.710, 0.674, 0.646, 0.622, and 0.537 for men, respectively. The AUCs of CVAI, LAP, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR, TyG-BMI, WC, WHtR, BRI, BMI, VAI, TyG-index, CI, and ABSI were 0.687, 0.674, 0.674, 0.663, 0.656, 0.654, 0.645, 0.645, 0.638, 0.632, 0.607, 0.596, and 0.543 for women, respectively. The AUC value for WHtR was equal to that for BRI in predicting MetS. The AUC value for LAP was equal to that for TyG-WC in predicting MetS for women. Among middle-aged and older adults, all obesity- and lipid-related indices, except ABSI, were able to predict MetS. In addition, in men, TyG-BMI is the best indicator to indicate MetS, and in women, CVAI is considered the best hand to indicate MetS. At the same time, TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR performed better than BMI, WC, and WHtR in predicting MetS in both men and women. Therefore, the lipid-related index outperforms the obesity-related index in predicting MetS. In addition to CVAI, LAP showed a good predictive correlation, even more closely than lipid-related factors in predicting MetS in women. It is worth noting that ABSI performed poorly, was not statistically significant in either men or women, and was not predictive of MetS.

Recently, 2 new anthropometric indices, the A Body Shape Index (ABSI) and Body Roundness Index (BRI), have been developed. Our study was to compare the associations between different anthropometric indices, including ABSI, BRI, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and hypertension in a rural population of northeast China.This cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural areas of northeast China from January 2012 to August 2013 using a multistage, stratified random cluster-sampling scheme. All eligible permanent residents aged ≥35 years (a total of 14,016 individuals) in each village were invited to participate in the study. A final sample size of 11,345 (5253 males and 6092 females) were included in this study.All the 5 anthropometric measures were positively correlated with hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension increased across quartiles for ABSI, BMI, BRI, WC, and WHR. Multivariable logistic regression analysis of the presence of hypertension for the highest quartile versus the lowest quartile of each anthropometric measure, showed that BRI had the largest values of ORs (OR: 3.49, 95% CI: 2.86–4.21 in men; OR: 3.06, 95% CI: 2.56–3.67 in women) and ABSI had the smallest ORs (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.06–1.58 in men; OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.04–1.34 in women). BRI had the highest AROCs for hypertension (AROC: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.64–0.67 for men and AROC: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.67–0.70 for women), while ABSI had the lowest AROCs for hypertension (AROC: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.58–0.61 for men and AROC: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.58–0.61 for women).Our results showed that ABSI, BMI, BRI, WC, and WHR were all associated with hypertension. ABSI showed the weakest association with hypertension, while BRI showed potential for use as an alternative obesity measure in assessment of hypertension.

Objective: Body mass index (BMI), the most commonly used body composition assessing indice, has recently been challenged by two novel anthropometric indices, a body shape index (ABSI) and body roundness index (BRI), in arterial stiffness predicting capacity[1,2]. The purpose of this study was to detect and compare the different predictive capacities of the four anthropometric indices (ABSI, BRI, waist-hip ratio (WHR) and BMI) in predicting hypertensive target organ damages (HTODs). Design and method: Overall, 3077 community-dwelling elderly Chinese (age &gt; 65 years, 1329 men and 1748 women) in northern Shanghai were enrolled prospectively from June 2014 to August 2019. ABSI and BRI were calculated with validated formula. HTODs were defined as three levels: (1) left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), (2) arterial stiffness (AS) and lower limb atherosclerosis (LLA), (3) micro-albuminuria (MAU). Multivariate linear and logistic regression were performed to detect the relations between anthropometric indices and HTODs. Results: Spearman correlation analysis revealed that all anthropometric indices were correlated with HTODs indices (all P &lt; 0.001). In multivariate logistic regression models, compared to the lowest quartiles, participants with the highest quartiles of ABSI, BRI and WHR all exhibited a significantly higher risk of LVH, AS and MAU independent of confounders and BMI (all P for trend &lt; 0.01). Results of receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis performed within the female subgroup demonstrated that BRI and WHR were the better anthropometric indices in predicting HTODs compared to BMI. However, similar trend disappeared in the male subgroup. Further comparison analysis about the predictive priorities in the female subgroup were tested with stepwise logistic regression, after all anthropometric indices were put into models, only BRI stayed and was significantly associated higher prevalence of LVH (OR = 1.42, 95%CI 1.30∼1.55) and LLA (OR = 1.48, 95%CI 1.23∼1.77) together with WHR stayed to predict higher risks of AS (OR = 1.30, 95%CI 1.18∼1.43) and MAU (OR = 1.48, 95%CI 1.28∼1.72, all P &lt; 0.01). Conclusions: Novel anthropometric indices, especially BRI and WHR, compared to the conventional indice BMI, have the superior capacities in predicting HTODs in the elderly female Chinese population.

Aims:The present study aimed to clarify the relationships between novel and traditional anthropometric indices and insulin sensitivity (SI) in young and middle-aged Japanese persons with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), and middle-aged Japanese persons with NGT and glucose intolerance.Methods:Plasma glucose and insulin levels were measured in 1270 young (age <40 years) and 2153 middle-aged persons with NGT (n = 1531) and glucose intolerance (n = 622) during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Height (Ht), weight, and waist circumference (WC) were measured. The body mass index (BMI), WC, and the WC/Ht ratio were used as traditional anthropometric indices. A body shape index (ABSI) and the body roundness index (BRI) were calculated as novel indices. Indices of SI (Matsuda index and 1/homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) were calculated and compared with anthropometric indices.Results:The ABSI showed a weak correlation with SI indices in all groups. The BRI showed almost the same correlation with SI indices as the BMI, WC, and WC/Ht in all groups. The inverse correlation between each of the anthropometric indices other than ABSI and SI indices was weak in young persons, at 0.16–0.27 (Spearman's ρ values), but strong in middle-aged persons, at 0.38–1.00. On receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for detection of insulin resistance, the ABSI had a lower area under the ROC curve (AUC) than the other anthropometric indices, and the BRI and the WC/Ht ratio showed similar AUCs. The AUCs for the BRI and WC/Ht ratio were the highest in middle-aged men with NGT and glucose intolerance.Conclusions:The BRI, not the ABSI, was better correlated with SI in young and middle-aged Japanese persons. The BRI and WC/Ht ratio were comparable in their correlations with SI and the detection of insulin resistance in the participants of the present study.