Normal TGF responsiveness during chronic treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition: role of AT1 receptors.

Abstract

Acute inhibition of angiotensin II formation by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (ACE-I) attenuates tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) responsiveness. This has been proposed to facilitate sodium excretion, which contributes to the antihypertensive effects of ACE-I. However, in previous experiments in spontaneously hypertensive Fawn-hooded rats, TGF responses were normal during chronic ACE-I treatment. In the present study, we investigated TGF responsiveness during chronic ACE-I treatment in normotensive rats and the involvement of changes in nitric oxide or angiotensin II activity. Maximum TGF responses were assessed in control Sprague-Dawley rats and in rats acutely (acute ACE-I, 3 microgram/min IV) and chronically (chronic ACE-I, 100 mg/L PO 2 to 3 weeks+acute 3 microgram/min enalaprilat IV) treated with ACE-I. In all groups, TGF responses were also assessed during late proximal tubular perfusion with 1 mmol/L nitro-L-arginine. In a last group, the chronic ACE-I treatment was combined with acute ACE-I and high doses of intrarenal losartan (acute 3 microgram/min enalaprilat IV+50 mg/kg losartan). The maximum TGF responses in acutely treated ACE-I rats were strongly attenuated (0.7+/-0.4 mm Hg versus 6.5+/-0.8 mm Hg in control rats, P<0.05). Mean arterial pressure was lower in the chronically treated ACE-I group (107+/-5 mm Hg versus 126+/-5 mm Hg in control rats, P<0.05); however, TGF responses were normal (6. 4+/-0.9 mm Hg). Intraluminal nitro-L-arginine infusion did not influence TGF responses during acute ACE-I (2.3+/-0.4 mm Hg) but enhanced TGF responses during chronic ACE-I to the same extent as in control rats (14.5+/-2.3 versus 16.7+/-1.9 mm Hg, NS). In the rats chronically treated with ACE-I with superimposed acute infusion of losartan or chronically treated with losartan, TGF responses were significantly attenuated (1.8+/-0.8 mm Hg and 2.6+/-0.8 mm Hg, respectively; P:<0.05 versus chronic ACE-I and control). Prolonged administration with ACE-I is associated with normal TGF responses. This phenomenon appears to be mediated by AT1 receptors, because acute treatment with losartan in rats chronically treated with ACE-I and chronic treatment with losartan lead to strong attenuation of TGF responses.