Abstract

Children of 3-0 to 5-6 years of age were given a task which assessed their ability to make use of an external, ikonic-representational form of memory store (photographs of animals) in retaining the spatial locations of a series of objects (plastic figurines of these same animals). Contrary to the evidence from a previous developmental study of nonverbal, ikonic mediation, the present data suggest that many children as young as 3-6 to 4-0 years of age appear to possess at least the rudiments of this ability. Congruent with previous research, production deficiencies and inefficiencies were much more common than mediation deficiencies and inefficiencies in the child's presolution efforts. The behavior of young chidren on memory tasks often suggests that they are somehow failing to exploit appropriate mnemonic mediators (e.g., verbal rehearsal) in the service of their recall. Two alternative explanations

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