Abstract
The non-uniform temperature and crystallinity distributions present in carbon fiber–reinforced PA12 composite pipes, produced via laser-assisted tape winding (LATW), are investigated in this paper. The width of the laser source is usually larger than the substrate width which causes multiple heating and cooling of some regions of the (neighboring) substrate and hence temperature and crystallinity gradients during the adjacent hoop winding. A kinematic-optical-thermal (KOT) model coupled with a non-isothermal crystallinity model is developed to capture the transient temperature and crystallinity distributions for growing substrate thickness and width. The predicted temperature trends are validated with thermocouple and thermal camera measurements. The substrate temperature varies in the width direction up to 52%. This will lead to extra polymer remelting and possible degradation. The maximum variation of the crystallinity degree across the width is found to be 270% which shows agreement with the trend of the measured crystallinity degree. It is found that a more realistic description of the melting behavior of the matrix is needed to obtain a more accurate prediction of the crystallinity distribution.
Highlights
There is a growing need for several kilometers long continuous pipes for offshore oil and gas applications such as risers, used to convey hydrocarbons from unexploited reserves to the main land
The heat source in Automated tape winding (ATW) processes can be a hot gas torch [5], infrared lamp [6, 7], or, recently, nearinfrared (NIR) diode lasers better known as laser-assisted tape winding (LATW) [8,9,10,11,12]
The consolidation process includes several highly temperaturedependent steps such as the development of intimate contact followed by the healing of the polymeric matrix, which was studied for the automated fiber placement (AFP) and laserassisted tape placement (LATP) processes in [13,14,15,16,17,18]
Summary
There is a growing need for several kilometers long continuous pipes for offshore oil and gas applications such as risers, used to convey hydrocarbons from unexploited reserves to the main land. Automated tape winding (ATW) is one of the stateof-the-art processes to manufacture thermoplastic tubular structures such as the mentioned pipes and risers [1]. These tubular composite products are built layer by layer onto a mandrel or liner in the ATW processes. In case of the adjacent hoop winding process which is used to manufacture thermoplastic pipes as seen, tapes are wound adjacently with a consistent winding angle forming one layer, and the following layer is manufactured with a different winding angle This process is repeated until the desired composite layup is reached. The non-uniform DoC distribution was predicted in the thickness direction for carbon fiber–reinforced PEEK (C/PEEK) laminates manufactured by the AFP process [33, 34]
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