Abstract
The nonlinear analysis of shell structures is studied by both the Eulerian and the Lagrangian approach. Current methods are discussed on the basis of both formulations. It is found that the widely used updated procedure is a combination of both approaches. From the current standpoint it makes use of a mixture of incremental stiffnesses derived by both approaches. The ‘bowing’ effect was found to be the main source of error in this updated procedure, and this effect was shown to be negligible when a large number of elements were used. Case studies investigate various aspects of the nonlinear behavior of arches, axisymmetric shells of revolution, flat plates, and arbitrary shells.
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