Nongovernmental organizations and policy influence in latin america and the caribbean

Abstract

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in Latin America and the Caribbean affect policy through strategies conditioned by the structure and program focus of the NGO, and the level of tolerance of government to NGO activity. In low tolerance contexts local NGOs may collaborate with international NGOs, such as human rights and environmental organizations for protection from government repression and to focus external pressure on governments to change policies. Where there is a moderate level of government tolerance, NGOs may affect policy by generating effective local development models, or providing services to citizens at the request of governments. Successful projects may lead skeptical governments, at the local or national levels, to adopt new policies and practices. When governments encourage and accept the work of NGOs as part of a democratic, civil society, NGOs can collaborate with governments as full partners, participating in the formulation of public policies and implementing ensuing programs of social and economic development. At the medium and high levels of government tolerance, NGO leaders may directly affect policy by entering government service through election or appointment to policymaking positions.