Abstract
Heart failure is a major global health concern. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in physiological processes and in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including heart failure. ncRNAs have emerged as critical components of transcriptional regulatory pathways that govern cardiac development, stress response, signaling, and remodeling in cardiac pathology. Recently, studies of ncRNAs in cardiovascular disease have achieved significant development. Here, we discuss the roles of ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) that modulate the cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
Highlights
Cardiac hypertrophy is an essential milestone of many heart diseases, including hypertension [1], myocardial infarction (MI) [2], and aortic stenosis [3,4]
The long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) UCA1 can promote the progression of cardiac hypertrophy as an endogenous sponge of miR-184 to enhance the expression of homeobox A9 (HOXA9) [85]
The lncRNA Mhrt antagonizes the function of Brg1, a chromatin-remodeling factor, which is activated by stress to trigger aberrant gene expression, and cardiac hypertrophy and failure [88]
Summary
Cardiac hypertrophy is an essential milestone of many heart diseases, including hypertension [1], myocardial infarction (MI) [2], and aortic stenosis [3,4]. It may be the initial adaptive response to maintaining cardiac function; sustained hypertrophy is often accompanied by maladaptive cardiac remodeling that leads to heart failure and sudden death [5,6]. Cardiac hypertrophy is featured by increased cardiac myocyte size, sarcomere assembly, and fetal cardiac gene re-expression Pathological stimuli induce these alterations by activating intracellular signaling pathways and transcriptional mediators in cardiac myocytes [6,12]. The role and function of ncRNAs in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure remain to be illustrated.
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