Non-coding RNAs as Trojan Horse in Eliminating ROS-Induced Cancer

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules generated inside the body via the biological process. ROS consists of hydroxyl radicle, superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and single oxygen. The elevated level of ROS is associated with various disease pathophysiology including cancer. The elevated level of ROS has been observed in promoting angiogenesis, cell proliferation, metastasis, and epigenetic modification that are known to invoke cancer formation and transform it into a more aggravated form. Furthermore, noncoding RNA (ncRNA) have been found to have a vital role in the various transcriptional and post-transcriptional process. The interactive role of ROS and ncRNA has been found to regulate the expression of various genes and pathways that are involved in cancer development. Despite heaps of research on ROS-mediated carcinogenesis and the role of non-coding RNAs, still, the regulatory role of ncRNAs on ROS is elusive. This chapter is dedicated to a basic understanding of the classifications and characteristics of ncRNAs with their plausible role in cancer therapeutics. While till date majority of the research has focused on the side of ncRNA invoking ROS levels that trigger cancer. Yet, little is known about the role of ncRNA acting as Trojan Horse in the elimination of ROS-induced cell damage leading to cancer. Furthermore, the interaction mechanism between ncRNA-ROS that have crucial role in cancer development is discussed.KeywordsROSncRNACancermiRNAlncRNAsiRNApiRNAcircRNA