Non-Surgical Management of the Gingival Smile with Botulinum Toxin A—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Botulinum toxin for gummy smile correction

Objective: This study aimed to compare the changes in the gummy smile in cases treated with botulinum toxin (BTX) application or orthognathic surgery. Methods: The retrospective sample comprised 61 subjects with gummy smile divided into 2 groups according to treatment received for gummy smile correction: 1-38 patients (6 male; 32 female), at a mean age of 28.60 years (s.d.=6.09), treated with BTX application; 2- 23 patients (7 males and 16 females) at a mean age of 29.59 years (s.d.=5.72) treated with orthognathic surgery. Patients from the BTX group refused to undergo orthognathic surgery. The measurement of the gingival exposure was performed in extraoral photographs of the posed smile, before and after treatment, and it was defined as the difference between the stomion of the upper lip and the incisal edge of the maxillary central incisor minus the height of maxillary central incisor obtained in the patient's dental casts. The data were obtained before (T1) and after treatment (T2) and change of gingival exposure with treatment (T2-T1). Intergroup comparison of gummy smile was performed with independent t-tests. Results: The surgical group presented significantly greater correction of the gummy smile with treatment than the BTX group. Conclusion: Gummy smile presented a greater improvement in patients treated with orthognathic surgery than with botulinum toxin application.

The gummy smile is characterized by a marked gingival exposure on smiling and it has been considered as one of the main complaints of patients, also influencing on self-esteem and social relationship. The development of new techniques such as botulinum toxin application may be a more conservative treatment option than surgical intervention (myectomy and Le Fort I osteotomy) in the treatment of gummy smile. Objective: To present the case of a patient who presented dental-gingival discrepancy and gummy smile, treated by gingival resection surgery and complemented by the application of botulinum toxin. Case report: A female patient, 23 years old, presented dental-gingival discrepancy and gummy smile, treated by gingival resection surgery and complemented by the application of botulinum toxin. Results: The gingival resection surgery promoted improvement of dental relationship, caused by increase of dental zenith and the application of botulinum toxin caused uniform dehiscence of the upper lip, increasing the harmony of the smile and improving self-esteem and quality life. Conclusion: Botulinum toxin is an additional option in the cosmetic improvement of the smile and gives better results when combined with gingival resection surgery.

Background: The pursuit of esthetic excellence has become a major goal in the dental treatment. Gummy smile is one of the complaints of the patients, since such a situation can influence self-esteem and social relationships. The beauty of the smile is not only constituted by the shape, position and size of the teeth, but also based on the characteristics of the gingival tissue and conformation of the lips, which should be as harmonious as teeth. The development of new more conservative techniques may provide a better therapeutic option than surgical procedures, such as the application of botulinum toxin, in the treatment of gummy smile. Purpose: to present the case of a patient who presented dentogingival discrepancy caused by gingival overgrowth and gummy smile, treated by gingivoplasty and complemented by application of botulinum toxin. Description of the case: The gingivoplasty was performed followed by the application of botulinum toxin type A. Results: The gingivoplasty resulted of the improvement of gingival arches and the application of botulinum toxin promoted the dehiscence of upper lip, reducing the gingival exposure. Conclusions: The application of botulinum toxin, associated with gingivoplasty, is an important tool at the management of gummy smile, optimizing smile harmony and achieving improved self-esteem and quality of life.

The aim of this systematic review is to synthesize the evidence on the effectiveness and longevity of the botulinum toxin in the treatment of individuals with excessive gingival exposure. The search was adapted to six electronic databases and gray literature. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Non-Randomized and Randomized Studies of Interventions. Meta-analyses and meta-regression were performed using random effects models. A total of 5247 articles were collected during the final search in the database, resulting in 17 articles included. There was a mean decrease of 3.42 mm [95% CI = -4.50 to -2.34; I2 = 97%] in the level of gingival exposure 2 weeks after the application of botulinum toxin. The application time explained 29.58% of the observed variance (p < 0.001), with a tendency for the effect size to decrease from the second week of application onwards, with values returning close to baseline levels in 24 weeks. Botulinum toxin is an alternative technique considered effective for reducing gummy smile, especially for gummy smiles up to 4 mm, with a longevity of at least 12 weeks, returning close to initial values within 24 weeks after application. The knowledge about the longevity and effectiveness of botulinum toxin in the treatment of gummy smile allows for a more adequate clinical planning for these cases, as well as for clinical decisions, as for prognostic factors.

Gummy smile is a condition characterized by excessive exposure of the gums during smiling. The demand for treatment for this condition has increased in recent years, and numerous techniques have been reported to treat gummy smile, such as gingivectomy, orthognathic surgery, lip repositioning surgery, and botulinum toxin injections. The objective of the work was to answer the guiding question: “What is the effect of botulinum toxin type A in the management of excessive gingival exposure – gummy smile?”. The databases Pubmed, Scielo and LILACS were used. The search was carried out in an advanced form, considering the descriptors: botulinum toxin, gummy smile, gum, botox and minimally invasive procedures. The inclusion criteria used were complete articles available in full, in the listed databases, published in the last 5 years in Portuguese, English and Spanish languages. Off-topic publications; in vitro and animal studies, literature reviews, theses, monographs and book chapters were excluded. 143 articles were retrieved, of which 77 were excluded due to duplication. After analyzing the titles and abstracts, 17 works were selected. At the end of the selection, 11 articles were included after reading the full text. It was concluded that the application of botulinum toxin is a safe and effective procedure for managing excessive gummy smile. It presented low rates of complications and high levels of satisfaction among patients. However, the patient must be aware that the clinical effect of botulinum toxin is temporary and requires periodic touch-ups to maintain the desired result. Keywords: Botulinum toxin. Gummy smile. Gingiva. Botox. Minimally invasive procedures.

Demand for less-invasive procedures for treating gummy smile, such as botulinum toxin A injections, has increased substantially over the years. Meanwhile, the optimal injection site for botulinum toxin A injection is debated. The authors aimed to investigate the efficacy of botulinum toxin A injection at the Yonsei point for treating gummy smile. In this double-blind, single-site, randomized clinical trial, healthy participants with a gummy smile (anterior gingival exposure of ≥3.0 mm) were enrolled and randomized (1:1 ratio) into two groups. The experimental group was administered 6 U of botulinum toxin A at the Yonsei point (a single-site injection of 3 U to the right Yonsei point and 3 U to the left Yonsei point), and the control group received the same dose in the bilateral levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle sites. The patients were assessed at baseline and 4, 12, 24, and 48 weeks after the first injection using a digital vernier caliper. A total of 49 participants were enrolled. Anterior and bilateral posterior gingival exposure were reduced at 4, 12, and 24 weeks ( P ≤ 0.05) and returned to baseline at 48 weeks in both groups; there was no difference between the groups at these time points. The increase in satisfaction among patients was significant, and few adverse events were observed. Both the Yonsei point and the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle site can be used as botulinum toxin A injection sites for treating gummy smile. Therapeutic, I.

Currently, the search for esthetic excellence has become the main objective in the facial treatment. The gummy smile is one of the complaints from the patients, since this situation may influence their self-esteem and social relationship. The development of new techniques, such as the application of botulinum toxin, may be a conservative therapeutic option in the treatment of gummy smile. The purpose of this letter is to comment some points about a case report publicated in Dermatology Online Journal, of a patient with dentogingival discrepancy and severe gummy smile, who was treated with application of botulinum toxin in order to optimize the harmony of the smile.

Currently, the search for aesthetic excellence has become the main objective in the dental treatment. The gummy smile is one of the complaints from the patients, since this situation may influence their self-esteem and social relationship. The development of new techniques, such as the application of botulinum toxin, may be a therapeutic option more conservative, in the treatment of gummy smile. The purpose of this article is to present a case of a patient with dentogingival discrepancy and severe gummy smile, who was treated with gingivoplasty and application of botulinum toxin in order to optimise the harmony of the smile.

Excessive gingival exposure (gummy smile) is a non-aesthetic condition characterized by excessive exposure of the gingiva during smiling. The most common cause of gummy smiles was reported to be the hyperfunction of the muscles of the upper lip. Previous reports showed that botulinum toxin (Botox) is effective in the treatment of gummy smiles with a reversible effect, rapid initial action, safe application, low risk, and satisfactory outcome. The effect of Botox is usually observed between one and two weeks. This study aims to review the recent updates and guidelines for gummy smile treatment using botulinum toxin. A literature review was conducted involving relevant studies discussing gummy smile treatment using botulinum toxin with no time restriction. The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were used to gather the most relevant studies. The initial screening revealed 62 studies, and after removing the out-of-scope studies, the final review included 28 studies. Botulinum toxin can be used effectively for the treatment of gummy smile caused by lip dynamics with rarely reported complications. However, the most observed limitation was the temporary duration, which was reported to range from four to six months, and the re-injection of botulinum toxin is usually needed.

Management of excessive gingival display using botulinum toxin type A: a descriptive study

The gingival smile is an aesthetic concern that affects a large portion of the population, an aesthetically acceptable smile must be harmonious as to the set of teeth, lips and gingival tissue. When the etiological factor is muscle hyperfunction, a treatment option is the application of botulinum toxin type A in the muscles responsible for lifting the upper lip, so the objective of this case report is to demonstrate the use of botulinum toxin to correct gummy smile. . Female patient, age 32, Phototype II, sought care at the Specialization Clinic in Orofacial Harmonization of the IOA-IOP, Campina Grande-PB, due to excessive gingival exposure when smiling. After clinical evaluation, it was observed that the patient had hyperactivity of the levator labii superioris muscles and a gingival exposure of 4 mm. It was proposed to the patient the application of botulinum toxin for the treatment of gummy smile and then the Free and Informed Consent Term was signed specifying all possible complications that could happen, as well as the benefits and results. After the photographs and demarcations, 2 units were applied to the levator labii superioris muscle bilaterally and 2 units to the nasal septum. After 15 days of application, the patient was reassessed, demonstrating an excellent result without excessive exposure of the gingiva and there was no need for a new application. It was concluded that TBA brought a very satisfactory result for the correction of the gummy smile and constitutes a safe and effective treatment.

In many cases, the cause of a gummy smile is a combination of many simultaneously occurring factors. Therefore, a single method is certainly not effective in achieving the maximum aesthetic requirements. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of combining clinical tooth crown lengthening surgery and subsequent BTX-A injection in gummy smile treatment using clinical and photographical assessment. 21 patients with an average length of excessive gingival display of at least 4 mm at maximum smiling point and with the height of keratinized gingiva ≥ 3 mm were recruited. Gingival exposure (GE) and clinical crown length (CCL) were measured at baseline (T0), two months after clinical crown lengthening surgery (T1), two weeks after BTX-A injection (T2), two months after BTX-A injection (T3). GE values at T1, T2 and T3 were significantly different (p &lt;0.001). CCL was significantly changed after gingivectomy surgery (T1) compared to preoperative value (T0) (p &lt;0.001). BTX-A could be considered a favorable adjunctive treatment for gummy smile patients after gingivectomy surgery.

Comparison of smile attractiveness in cases with gummy smile treated with botulinum toxin and maxillary impaction surgery: A retrospective study

Regarding “Efficacy of botulinum toxin for treating a gummy smile”