Abstract
With targeted treatments playing an increasing role in oncology, the need arises for fast non-invasive genotyping in clinical practice. Radiogenomics is a rapidly evolving field of research aimed at identifying imaging biomarkers useful for non-invasive genotyping. Radiogenomic genotyping has the advantage that it can capture tumor heterogeneity, can be performed repeatedly for treatment monitoring, and can be performed in malignancies for which biopsy is not available. In this systematic review of 187 included articles, we compiled a database of radiogenomic associations and unraveled networks of imaging groups and gene pathways oncology-wide. Results indicated that ill-defined tumor margins and tumor heterogeneity can potentially be used as imaging biomarkers for 1p/19q codeletion in glioma, relevant for prognosis and disease profiling. In non-small cell lung cancer, FDG-PET uptake and CT-ground-glass-opacity features were associated with treatment-informing traits including EGFR-mutations and ALK-rearrangements. Oncology-wide gene pathway analysis revealed an association between contrast enhancement (imaging) and the targetable VEGF-signalling pathway. Although the need of independent validation remains a concern, radiogenomic biomarkers showed potential for prognosis prediction and targeted treatment selection. Quantitative imaging enhanced the potential of multiparametric radiogenomic models. A wealth of data has been compiled for guiding future research towards robust non-invasive genomic profiling.
Highlights
Considerable progress had been made in developing targeted therapies for genomic subtypes in cancer, but patient selection for these therapies can be challenging
Radiogenomics is a new, rapidly evolving field of research aimed at developing tools for non-invasive genotyping by identifying imaging biomarkers for genomic subtypes [1,2,3]
Radiogenomic biomarkers have shown a great potential for capturing tumor heterogeneity non-invasively [7, 8]
Summary
Considerable progress had been made in developing targeted therapies for genomic subtypes in cancer, but patient selection for these therapies can be challenging. Radiogenomics (sometimes imaging genomics) is a new, rapidly evolving field of research aimed at developing tools for non-invasive genotyping by identifying imaging biomarkers for genomic subtypes [1,2,3]. Biopsy-based genotyping in the clinical setting is generally confined to a single sample, multiregional genotyping has been performed effectively to capture tumor heterogeneity [4,5,6]. Radiogenomic biomarkers have shown a great potential for capturing tumor heterogeneity non-invasively [7, 8]. The main purpose of this systematic review was to provide a comprehensive oncology-wide database of radiogenomic associations, and to review their clinical usefulness. A secondary objective was to assess radiogenomics on a pathway-level instead of a gene-level; to perform oncology-wide gene pathway analysis in order to identify relations between imaging and oncopathways
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