Abstract
In the nervous system, several key steps in cellular complexity and development are regulated by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and the repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor/neuron-restrictive silencing factor (REST/NRSF). REST recruits gene regulatory complexes to regulatory sequences, among them the repressor element-1/neuron-restrictive silencer element, and mediates developmental stage-specific gene expression or repression, chromatin (re-)organization or silencing for protein-coding genes as well as for several ncRNAs like microRNAs, short interfering RNAs or long ncRNAs. NcRNAs are far from being just transcriptional noise and are involved in chromatin accessibility, transcription and post-transcriptional processing, trafficking, or RNA editing. REST and its cofactor CoREST are both highly regulated through various ncRNAs. The importance of the correct regulation within the ncRNA network, the ncRNAome, is demonstrated when it comes to a deregulation of REST and/or ncRNAs associated with molecular pathophysiology underlying diverse disorders including neurodegenerative diseases or brain tumors.
Highlights
Both experimental and computational evidence suggest that many of the newly discovered non-coding transcripts and processing products, such as the non-coding small interfering or microRNAs, are functional
The importance of the correct regulation within the non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) network, the ncRNAome, is demonstrated when it comes to a deregulation of REST and/or ncRNAs associated with molecular pathophysiology underlying diverse disorders including neurodegenerative diseases or brain tumors
NETWORK REGULATIONS MEDIATED BY ncRNAs Non-coding transcripts include miRNA, small interfering RNAs (siRNA), and long ncRNAs, and small nucleolar RNAs and antisense RNAs – but it is quite likely that further classes of ncRNAs will emerge
Summary
Both experimental and computational evidence suggest that many of the newly discovered non-coding transcripts and processing products, such as the non-coding (ncRNA) small interfering (siRNA) or microRNAs (miRNA), are functional. Several key steps in cellular complexity and development are regulated by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and the repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor/neuron-restrictive silencing factor (REST/NRSF).
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