Niveles plasmáticos de la vitamina B 12 y ácido fólico en pacientes con hepatopatía crónica

Abstract

Background Patients with liver disease frequently experience changes in their nutritional status. Objective To determine changes in vitamin B12 and folic acid plasma levels in patients with chronic cirrhosis and to assess whether these parameters may be useful in the etiologic diagnosis of this disease. Patients and methods Thirty-nine patients admitted for decompensated cirrhosis (29 with alcoholic etiology and 10 with non-alcoholic etiology) and 35 controls were prospectively studied. Plasma levels of vitamin B 12, folate acid, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), AST/ALT ratio, and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), among other parameters, were measured. Results Vitamin B 12 levels were 1151±568 pg/ml in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and 440±133 pg/ml in controls ( p<0.05). Plasma folate levels were 8.57±3.8 ng/ml in controls and 6.68±2.74 ng/ml in patients with cirrhosis ( p<0.05). Folate levels were lower in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (mean value, 5.7±2.1) than in those with non-alcoholic cirrhosis (9.3±2.6; p<0.0005). The vitamin B 12/folate ratio discriminated alcoholic etiology better than other parameters such as AST, ALT, MCV, AST/ALT ratio and GGT. Conclusions Plasma levels of vitamin B12 in patients with decompensated chronic liver disease are high, whereas plasma folate levels are low. The ratio between vitamin B12 and folic acid may be useful in the differential diagnosis of the etiology of chronic liver disease.