Abstract
Tetrafunctional epoxy is an indispensable matrix for the aerospace industry, high-temperature adhesives, and encapsulation materials, where high service temperatures (>220 °C) are required. N,N,N′,N′-Tetraglycidyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (TGDDM) has long been the dominant candidate in those applications; however, fully cured TGDDM epoxy materials suffer from poor toughness, unwanted side reactions, and inadequate moisture resistance. A novel tetrafunctional epoxy, TFTE, is synthesized to address those issues, which have not been resolved for decades. TFTE can be prepared through a simple three-step procedure using readily available raw materials. Each step shows a high yield (>90%) and involves only mild reaction conditions. When TFTE is mixed with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and cured with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS), the cured epoxy shows a Tg value of 252 °C, a tensile strength of 80.0 MPa, and, more importantly, a higher toughness (29.8 kJ/m2) and better moisture resistance than ...
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