Nitric oxide synthase and cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase concentrated at the neuromuscular endplate

Abstract

Nitric oxide mediates diverse functions in development and physiology of vertebrate skeletal muscle. Neuronal type nitric oxide synthase-μ is enriched in fast-twitch fibers and binds to syntrophin, a component of the sarcolemmal dystrophin glycoprotein complex. Here, we show that cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase type I, a primary effector for nitric oxide, occurs selectively at the neuromuscular junction, in mice and rats, and both neuronal type nitric oxide synthase-μ and cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase type I remain at skeletal muscle endplates at least two weeks following muscle denervation. Expression of neuronal type nitric oxide synthase-μ and cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase type I are up-regulated following fusion of cultured primary myotubes. Interestingly, the highest levels of neuronal type nitric oxide synthase-μ in muscle are found complexed with dystrophin at the sarcolemma of intrafusal fibers in muscle spindles.Localization of neuronal type nitric oxide synthase-μ and cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase type I at the neuromuscular junction suggests functions for nitric oxide and cyclic GMP in the regulation of synaptic actions of intra- and extrafusal muscle fibers.