Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and ethylene are both involved in cell wall phosphorus (P) reutilization in P-deficient rice; however, the crosstalk between them remains unclear. In the present study using P-deficient 'Nipponbare' (Nip), root NO accumulation significantly increased after 1 h and reached a maximum at 3 h, while ethylene production significantly increased after 3 h and reached a maximum at 6 h, indicating NO responded more quickly than ethylene. Irrespective of P status, addition of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) significantly increased while the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (c-PTIO) significantly decreased the production of ethylene, while neither the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) nor the ethylene inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) had any influence on NO accumulation, suggesting NO acted upstream of ethylene. Under P-deficient conditions, SNP and ACC alone significantly increased root soluble P content through increasing pectin content, and c-PTIO addition to the ACC treatment still showed the same tendency; however, AVG+SNP treatment had no effect, further indicating that ethylene was the downstream signal affecting pectin content. The expression of the phosphate transporter gene OsPT2 showed the same tendency as the NO-ethylene-pectin pathway. Taken together, we conclude that ethylene functions downstream of NO in cell wall P reutilization in P-deficient rice.
Highlights
As one of the major plant macronutrients, phosphorus (P) is essential for the structure of cell components such as DNA, RNA, ATP and membranes, and involved in plant development and metabolism (Marschner, 1995)
In the present study, less P was retained in the root cell walls, and cell wall pectin content increased when plants were pretreated with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or when ACC was applied to the nutrient solution under –P conditions
As both Nitric oxide (NO) and ethylene act upstream of cell wall pectin, the question was raised whether ethylene acts through NO, NO acts through ethylene, or both act in conjunction
Summary
As one of the major plant macronutrients, phosphorus (P) is essential for the structure of cell components such as DNA, RNA, ATP and membranes, and involved in plant development and metabolism (Marschner, 1995). One of the most common strategies used by plants to cope with low Pi availability is to enhance Pi acquisition from soil by remodeling the architecture and morphology of the root system. This can be done, for example, by growing more lateral roots in shallow soils, inhibiting elongation of the primary root, increasing the number of root hairs and root branches (López-Bucio et al, 2003; Desnos, 2008), forming symbiotic associations with mycorrhizal fungi
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