Abstract
Nowadays, there are about 50 million people suffering from dementia worldwide. In 2030, it is expected that there will be 82 million people living with dementia and in 2050, their number should reach 152 million. This increase in the number of people with dementia results in significant social and economic problems. Therefore, researchers attempt to reduce risk factors causing the development of dementia such as high blood pressure. Epidemiological studies have shown that hypertension increases the risk of dementia at an older age. It can, therefore, be assumed that hypertension therapy will reduce the risk of dementia. However, previous clinical studies have shown that the efficacy of different antihypertensive drugs differs in this respect. The drug group that appears to be the most effective in these analyses is calcium channel blockers (CCBs). The most significant preventive efficacy in terms of protection against dementia has been demonstrated with nitrendipine. Its use is, therefore, particularly advantageous in elderly patients with systolic hypertension who are at high risk of dementia. The purpose of this study is to restore the discussion on the prevention of vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s dementia with nitrendipine in indicated hypertonic patients. The authors performed a literature search of available sources describing the issue of dementia, hypertension and its treatment with nitrendipine. In addition, they made a comparison and evaluation of relevant findings. The results of the detected research studies indicate that nitrendipine is able to reduce the incidence of dementia [Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular and mixed] by 55%. The treatment of 1,000 patients with nitrendipine for 5 years may prevent 20 cases of dementia. However, what has not yet been explained is the temporal link between hypertension and dementia due to the long-time intervals between hypertension and the development of dementia.
Highlights
IntroductionIt is estimated that by 2050, the number of older people will reach 1.5 billion, which is twice as much as at present (see Klimova and Kuca, 2016)
There is a growing number of the elderly worldwide
There was no effect on cognitive impairment and dementia in patients treated actively despite the reduction of blood pressure and cerebral vascular events
Summary
It is estimated that by 2050, the number of older people will reach 1.5 billion, which is twice as much as at present (see Klimova and Kuca, 2016). This trend in the increase of older people is associated with a rise of age-related diseases such as dementia. In 2030, it is expected that there will be 82 million people living with dementia and in 2050, their number should reach 152 million (WHO, 2017). This increase in people with dementia results in significant social and economic problems (Klimova et al, 2015; Maresova et al, 2016). The total global societal cost of dementia in 2015 was US$ 818 billion, which equals to 1.1% of global gross domestic product (WHO, 2017)
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