Nigerian Pentecostal Megachurches, Prayer Cities and the Environment: Assessing the Ecological Footprint of the Redeemed Christian Church of God’s Redemption City

When the Cemetery Becomes Political: Dealing with the Religious Heritage in Multi-Ethnic Regions

Based on the provisions of the theory of public law and taking into consideration the specific character of nature as a public good, the article provides a theoretical justification of separating ecological responsibility as an independent type of legal responsibility. The article demonstrates that at the present stage of legislation development the institute of legal responsibility, including the responsibility with regard to the sphere of cooperation and nature, has acquired an intensive and, to a large extent, progressive development The author believes that despite separating environmental (nature protection) responsibility for environmental offenses the sanctions are applied that are provided for by conventional branches, namely, administrative, civil, criminal, disciplinary. The author does not provide us with the legal definition of the legal content of ecological (environmental) responsibility. Nature restoration is also regulated by civil law and is carried out within the framework of civil responsibility The author demonstrates that the essential elements and features of civil responsibility are that civil responsibility is applied on the basic of the rules of civil law legislation, imposed on the participant of the civil law relations due to his infringement of rights and legal interests of another person, non-performance or improper performance of his duties under civil law or the contract Environmental interests and the interests of maintaining favorable environment and environmental well-being are mostly public rather than private in nature and, accordingly, are not protected by civil law. Recognition of ecological responsibility aimed, primarily, at environmental damage recovery as a kind of legal responsibility will serve as a strong impetus for both providing compensation for such damage and achieving a long-term goal, namely, the creation of favorable conditions for social and economic development Economists claim that if we do not increase investments in solving ecological problems now, in the future they will cost us mich more.

A spatio-temporal analysis of the spatial distribution of religious sites can provide insightful information about the formation and diffusion mechanisms of the religious landscape. As an important part of the religious landscape, religious sites are the focus of religious geography research. Based on the data on religious sites from the 2004 Economic Census in China, this chapter analyzes the spatial distribution of Buddhism, Taoism, Islam and Christianity in the 342 prefecture cities of mainland China, which may reveal the future trends of religious landscape in China. The results from those analyses show that: (1) All religions have experienced significant growth since 1978; (2) There is an unbalanced development of religions with significant differences over space and time in China; (3) Different expansion modes and expansion strategies adopted by different religions dominated the temporal evolution of the spatial pattern of religion. The spatial structure of the dominated religions changes significantly. (4) Different models of religious development existed in different regions. There are differences in the religious landscapes to be found in the Han areas and the minority areas. The phenomena of over-agglomeration and rapid expansion exist in different religions. Those research results may help to create a better understanding of the future trends of the religious landscape in China and provide a reference point for religious policies.

In the last years, the issues regarding both sustainable development and business global responsibility have qualified the corporate governance effectiveness. Many international institutions have intervened and the companies, at least formally, have increased their attention to the interaction between stakeholder relationship management and economic, social, and environmental responsibility. The numerous and frequent scandals underline the discrepancy between the firms’ formal statements and the substantial behaviors. Most of the companies, in the industrialized country, publish well-structured code of ethics and conduct, explicating the strategic values assigned to the global responsibility. The research considers the capability of the code of conduct to influence effectively the behaviors, in relation with the needs of transparency, sharing, coherent individual behavior, and control. In relation to the importance conferred to the sustainable development by the European Union (EU), the analysis examines listed companies with the greatest market capitalization operating in the Great Britain, Germany, and Italy, in order to verify the firms’ behavioral uniformity and the effectiveness of sustainability policies. The analysis shows that the codes of ethics seem to remain only formal declarations. Conscious and rational governance not only transfers values and principles of sustainability to the firm’s behaviors and its result system, but also goes beyond a mere diffusion and formalization of codes of ethics and conducts. To achieve that, it is necessary to develop productive behaviors focused on the risk control and on managing behaviors of all the organization’s members, in particular in reference to the stakeholder relationship management. The codes of ethics, in fact, seem to assume a poor relevance for the corporate sustainability promotion if a correct formal structure does not occur integrated with strategies and processes which assure a constant workability. It requests especially: the ethic culture diffusion and sharing of related values and principles; definition and integration of critical success dimensions in relation to economic, environmental, and ecological responsibility; and identification of relevant ethical parameters and control of their observance.

The purpose of this study is to determine the main directions of development of green entrepreneurship on the basis of environmental responsibility. The relevance of this study is due to the need to identify the main directions of green business development to solve environmental problems, based on the basic principles of environmental responsibility. It is believed that environmental responsibility is the basic basis for the formation of socially responsible green entrepreneurship, whose mission is environmental improvement on the basis of sustainable development. It is established thatit is expedient to consider ecological responsibility on levels (the state, the enterprises, the public).As the experience of successful companies shows, environmental responsibility can be integrated into the value and business of the company.The analysis revealed the main tools to stimulate green entrepreneurship: environmental taxes, "green" investments, instruments of stimulating influence on green entrepreneurship. It is established that in Ukraine the main responsibility for the implementation of sustainable development lies with the state and enterprises. The research revealed shortcomings in the organization of supervision measures and control over the targeted use of funds for the implementation of environmental programs. Also the imperfection of the regulatory framework, the inefficiency of the accounting, reporting and monitoring system, the ineffectiveness of measuresmonitoring the results of each project within a specific program to solve environmental problems. It is established that local governments and enterprises are two important participants in the environmental management system in Ukraine. Therefore, it is important to regulate environmental responsibility at the national, including regional, and corporate levels.

This paper examines the challenges or difficulties faced by the Christian Women Fellowship (CWF) Movement of the Presbyterian Church in Cameroon (PCC) in Nso, Bui Division of the North West Region of Cameroon. From its inception, the movement faced a lot of challenges in the Nso area in its evangelization drives although several successes were registered. The CWF has been actively involved in spiritual and socio-economic activities which have affected more positively the lives of women in particular and the entire community in general. The spiritual activities helped to strengthen its members in their Christian faith and the socio-economic lessons also empowered the women to become self-reliant. To carry out this work we use data collected from both the primary and secondary sources. Primary data were mostly collected from archival material and oral interviews conducted with some CWF officials and CWF members alike in the Bui Presbytery. Those interviewed were mostly between the ages of 40 and 80. This choice was dictated by the desire for reliability as most of them lived and experienced some of these challenges personally. Secondary data were collected from documented sources obtained through the use of books. The necessity for interviews was created by the lacunae exposed by archival material and secondary sources. It was realized that despite the successes registered, this group faced challenges such as poor road infrastructure, financial difficulty, cultural constraints, administrative bottlenecks and misconduct of some of its members.

Topicality. Each year, the issue of environmental responsibility of the business is becoming more and more relevant both in Ukraine and abroad, which is connected with globalization, increasing the threat of technogenic and environmental disasters, updating healthy lifestyles, socializing labor relations, etc. In today's economic environment, environmental liability is only a component of social responsibility. However, it should not be forgotten that during the period when the concept of social responsibility emerged, it was the environmental focus that was prioritized. In the holy of this, and ecological marketing of nature, as a kind of human activity aimed at meeting needs through exchange, should be environmentally responsible towards the consumer and producer of human goods. Underestimation of natural resources and environmental damage leads to distortion of indicators of economic development and progress, accompanied by the choice of inefficient socio-economic direction. In general terms, the concept of environmentally responsible business refers to the activity of each individual citizen, business structures that benefits the environment (or reduces the negative impact on the environment). In addition, this activity is not limited to certain laws and mandatory measures. The higher the economic value of natural objects, the greater the likelihood that the economic decisions made in various projects and programs will be ecologically balanced, take into account the priorities of environmental protection and the conservation of natural resources.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to identify the conceptual foundations and methodological principles of environmentally responsible marketing in environmental management. To do this, the concept and essence of the concept of environmental responsibility, the tools for practical implementation of environmental responsibility of business and the methodology for assessing environmental liability should be defined. At the same time, despite the growing widespread adoption of the principles of corporate social responsibility and the recognition of the benefits that they give to both entrepreneurs and society, the limits of social responsibility remain rather blurred. Assessment of the level of implementation of environmental liability in the practice of enterprise management is proposed on the basis of an analysis of the impact of its activities on the environment.Research results. The conceptual bases and methodical principles of conducting ecologically responsible marketing in environmental management are considered. The concept of social responsibility is used in many spheres of activity, but only in the business context, pointing to specific areas of development, it becomes clear wording. This allows researchers and professionals to split CSR into specific types. The economic component is the most controversial and complex. Its sustainability and effectiveness depends on the role that the organization assumes, as well as the methodology for defining and measuring end-points. The ecological aspect of social responsibility exists in the block of economic responsibility of the enterprise, in legal liability, in the block of ethical responsibility, and also the aspect of sustainable development in the philanthropic block was allocated, and all three main components: economic, ecological and social are in close interconnection and interdependence . Social responsibility of entrepreneurship in the field of ecology, that is, environmental responsibility, becomes a vital factor of competition, since it is the level of environmental responsibility of business in the near future will determine the position of a company in the international market and in the eyes of consumers of its products. The advantages of implementing ecological activity within the framework of socially responsible work of the enterprise are considered. The tools of practical implementation of ecological responsibility of business are offered. Environmentally responsible marketing should use the following tools to address sustainable development issues: environmental impact assessment when developing strategies and plans for economic development; environmental audit; environmental insurance; certification for compliance with environmental standards; social and environmental reporting.Conclusions. There is no single approach to assessing the level of environmental responsibility of an enterprise, no normative document contains a single methodology for its definition. In our opinion, the overall level of environmental responsibility of an enterprise should be determined taking into account the impact of various economic, environmental and organizational factors through the integrated indicator of the overall level of economic responsibility of the enterprise, based on three partial integral ratios, namely: the integral coefficient of environmental damage; integral coefficient of influence of economic factors; the integral factor of the impact of environmental and economic factors.

Introduction: The growing global focus on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) standards necessitates that companies optimize their corporate governance to balance economic, social, and ecological responsibilities. This study examines how the synergistic effects of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Environmental Responsibility (ER) can promote sustainable corporate development. Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the critical elements of corporate governance structure optimization and to explore how companies can enhance their governance to achieve sustainable development through strengthened social and environmental management practices. Methods: The study uses case analysis and literature review to assess high-performing enterprises in CSR and ER integration, examining their governance, policy, and environmental strategies to uncover the factors behind their success in economic, social, and environmental spheres. Results: The research shows that optimizing governance structures markedly improves operational effectiveness. Companies need to create strong internal controls for equitable and transparent decisions, embedding CSR and ER into their strategies. CSR fulfillment builds public trust and environmental support, whereas ER improves brand reputation and competitiveness, driving sustainable and mutually advantageous development. Conclusion: The key to sustainable development in ESG practice lies in optimizing corporate governance and strengthening the synergy between social and environmental responsibilities. It is imperative for companies to build a governance structure that complies with ESG standards and to incorporate social and environmental considerations into their corporate strategies to effectively manage the triple bottom line of economic, social, and environmental performance.

The study evaluates the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on customer satisfaction and repurchase intention in the fast food service business in Vietnam. This study used quantitative research methods with a sample of 414 customers aged 18 and older who have used fast food service in Vietnam. Primary data were collected based on customers’ willingness to provide information through questionnaire links on social networking platforms such as Facebook and Zalo. Structural equation modeling and mediating effect analysis were used to test the correlation between components in the research model. Research results have identified three components of CSR, including community responsibility, environmental responsibility, and ethical responsibility in business, that directly and positively influence customer satisfaction. The results validate the mediating influence of satisfaction on the correlation between CSR components (community, environmental, and ethical responsibility) and repurchase intention, which very few previous studies have performed. These findings theoretically contribute to the literature, verifying three CSR components from the customer’s point of view in the fast food service business, including community, environmental, and ethical responsibility. Expanding the theory on factors affecting customer satisfaction and promoting cause-related marketing, prosocial behavior, and competitive advantage theory is necessary. As for managerial contributions, fast food business brands are suggested to invest and increase their CSR activities.

This study aims to explore the pathways through which values, sense of responsibility, media publicity, and marketing influence behavioral attitudes and subjective norms in the context of sustainable consumption at the Guangfu Miao Hui, as well as to verify the impact of these attitudes and norms on sustainable consumption intention among Generation Z (aged 18–29). Using a quantitative approach, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with 400 valid respondents who participated in the 2023–2024 Guangfu Miao Hui, with data collected via online questionnaires distributed through WeChat, QQ, and Weibo. The study employed descriptive statistics, reliability and validity tests, exploratory factor analysis, and hierarchical regression modeling for data analysis. The results indicate that values, sense of responsibility, media publicity, and marketing all positively affect behavioral attitudes, with values having the strongest influence; for subjective norms, marketing and sense of responsibility are significant positive predictors, with marketing being the most impactful. Additionally, both behavioral attitudes and subjective norms strongly predict sustainable consumption intention, with attitudes playing a more prominent role. These findings suggest that in culturally rich contexts like the Guangfu Miao Hui, dual-track strategies should be adopted: activating Generation Z’s environmental responsibility through intangible cultural heritage and innovative rituals while integrating ecological practices into cultural symbols, thereby balancing cultural authenticity and green transformation and achieving a unity of "cultural guardianship" and "ecological responsibility".

The prosperity gospel Pentecostalism is relatively new on the religious landscape which is swiftly expanding at breath-taking speed and now is a force to be reckoned with in Kenya. It has a greater chance of outliving the 21st century in view of the fact that it is widely and readily being accepted by all classes of people for its claim of physical and spiritual empowerment. The methodology adopted for this study was a phenomenological approach. The study uncovered that there are so many in favour of the expansion and consolidation of the prosperity gospel in Kenya. The paper affirmed the point that prosperity gospel in its entirety is not bad but what is needed is a change in the right focus of prosperity message. Even though there are aspects of negativism in prosperity preaching, the paper believes and concludes that God will eventually change the focus of prosperity message as preached by prosperity preachers to something more positive and rewarding for it to continue being relevant in Kenya.

Purpose: The purpose of this work is to determine the current level of sustainability of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) development in the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District of the Russian Federation and develop a mechanism to increase it in the digital economy. Design/methodology/approach: To determine the sustainability of AIC development we will analyze statistical data: about the index of agricultural production, about the share of enterprises carrying out “green” innovations, about the share of enterprises organizing circular production in the regions of the North Caucasian Federal District of the Russian Federation in 2018. Findings: The conclusion is made that the digital economy offers enhanced opportunities for sustainable development of the region’s agricultural sector. However, its organization should apply its own schemes, rather than template schemes from other industries. The regions of the North Caucasus Federal District of the Russian Federation already pay considerable attention to environmental responsibility, introduction of “green” innovations, and circular production. This creates the prerequisites for the implementation of new initiatives based on the capabilities of digital technologies—robots and artificial intelligence. Originality/value: The developed model of sustainable development of the region’s digital agriculture based on environmental responsibility, “green” innovations and circular production allows to overcome existing barriers to the implementation of relevant practices in the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District of the Russian Federation—to reduce the labor and resource intensity of these practices and increase their controllability through automation. This will result in a significant increase in the activity of agricultural enterprises in the regions with the implementation of measures to demonstrate environmental responsibility, introduction of “green” innovations, and ensuring circularity of production. It will also ensure the growth of the production capacities of agricultural enterprises and guarantee the reproduction of food products in the regions to maintain their food security.

Against the backdrop of agricultural modernization and intelligent development, agricultural product design is confronted with ethical crises such as cultural discontinuity, ecological imbalance, and technological alienation under the dominance of technical rationality. From the perspective of design ethics, this paper takes the theoretical system of "symbiotic design" as its core to explore the interaction logic andsynergistic mechanism between craftsmanship genes and intelligent technologies in agricultural product design. It analyzes the cultural symbols, ecological wisdom, and industrialization dilemmas of traditional craftsmanship, while reflecting on the risks of technological hegemony driven by intelligent technologies. The paper proposes symbiotic approaches including "cultural translation", "modular deconstruction", and "collaborative innovation", and constructs ethical evaluation criteria covering cultural continuity, ecological sustainability, and technological controllability. It addresses relevant issues through paths such as "distributed collaboration" and "reversible design", aiming to reconstruct the triadic relationship among humans, technologies, and objects. From philosophical and design perspectives, this study demonstrates that the symbiotic mechanism between craftsmanship and intelligent technologies can bridge the gap between instrumental rationality and value rationality, providing an ethical paradigm for agricultural product design that balances technological innovation, cultural inheritance, and ecological responsibility, and contributing to rural revitalization and the sustainable development of agricultural products.

Are cascade reservoir systems sustainable agroecosystems? A comparative assessment of efficiency, effectiveness and resource footprint in a Sri Lankan micro-cascade

There is a critical waste management crisis in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) that is popularly referred to as the Darurat Sampah Jogja (Jogja Waste Emergency). The crisis has exacerbated existing problems in waste management and also resulted in devastating environmental effects. The purpose of this study is to examine the degree to which the Jogja Waste Emergency has influenced the environmental impacts on the citizens of Yogyakarta City. This research sheds light on the complex risks of inefficient waste management and their extensive effects through the paradigm of human security, notably in environmental security. The work adopts a qualitative research design consisting of primary and secondary data sources. Primary data are gathered based on in-depth interviews with the primary informants of various background categories among members of affected communities. Simultaneously, secondary data is gathered from policy documents, government and non-government reports, as well as media reports, which all help to contextualize and reinforce the findings. The analysis suggests that the Jogja Waste Emergency was first seen as a crisis marked by the accumulation of waste, and foremost manifesting immediate threat of environmental degradation, health, and disaster risk. But as the issue worsens, wider and more complicated impacts are shown, especially with regard to the pollution of essential natural resources like air and water. Such environmental degradation interferes with daily life, endangering public well-being and stability in urban Yogyakarta. The research stresses the need for comprehensive reforms in waste management, enforcement of stronger policy interventions, and more community involvement to address and minimize the environmental security threats presented by this chronic crisis.