Abstract
The transition period in dairy cows (3 weeks prepartum until 3 weeks postpartum) is associated with substantial mobilization of energy stores, which is often associated with metabolic diseases. Nicotinic acid (NA) is an antilipolytic and lipid-lowering compound used to treat dyslipidaemia in humans, and it also reduces non-esterified fatty acids in cattle. In mice the G-protein coupled receptor 109A (GPR109A) ligand NA positively affects the secretion of adiponectin, an important modulator of glucose and fat metabolism. In cattle, the corresponding data linking NA to adiponectin are missing. Our objective was to examine the effects of NA on adiponectin and AMPK protein abundance and the expression of mRNAs of related genes such as chemerin, an adipokine that enhances adiponectin secretion in vitro. Differentiated bovine adipocytes were incubated with pertussis toxin (PTX) to verify the involvement of GPR signaling, and treated with 10 or 15 µM NA for 12 or 24 h. NA increased adiponectin concentrations (p ≤ 0.001) and the mRNA abundances of GPR109A (p ≤ 0.05) and chemerin (p ≤ 0.01). Pre-incubation with PTX reduced the adiponectin response to NA (p ≤ 0.001). The NA-stimulated secretion of adiponectin and the mRNA expression of chemerin in the bovine adipocytes were suggestive of GPR signaling-dependent improved insulin sensitivity and/or adipocyte metabolism in dairy cows.
Highlights
The peripartal period is associated with manifold endocrine and metabolic changes to adapt the cow for parturition and lactogenesis
To test whether Nicotinic acid (NA) affects the secretion of adiponectin, the differentiated bovine adipocytes were stimulated with two different concentrations of NA (10 and 15 μM) for 12 or 24 h
Comparisons of the pertussis toxin (PTX) pre-incubation groups revealed that the adiponectin concentrations were approximately 3 times lower following PTX pre-incubation in the 10 μM NA group at both durations (p ≤ 0.001)
Summary
The peripartal period is associated with manifold endocrine and metabolic changes to adapt the cow for parturition and lactogenesis. In dairy cows the transition from late pregnancy to early lactation, defined as 3 weeks prepartum until 3 weeks postpartum, is attributed to increased energy demand due to fetal growth and lactogenesis; the energy requirement exceeds dietary energy intake [1]. Lipogenesis is reduced and lipolysis is increased substantially [2]. High non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations are considered as one major risk factor for metabolic diseases, such as fatty liver and ketosis [3,4] in dairy cows during the transition period [5]. The understanding of the regulation of lipolysis and adipocyte metabolism is fundamental to cope with production diseases around parturition.
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