Abstract

Objective: There is debate concerning the toxic effects of cigarette smoke on human reproduction. Contradictory results have been reported from studies focused on human IVF rates and sperm motility. We have investigated the in vitro impact of nicotine and/or cotinine (major metabolite) on sperm/egg binding (Hemizona Assay; HZA), modifications of the sperm acrosomal cap and hyperactivated (HA) motility patterns, three required functions. Since human sperm have a nicotinic (cholinergic) receptor, very low concentrations of nicotine (NIC) and/or cotinine (COT) may also mimic the physiological effects of endogenous cholinergic agonists.

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