Abstract
SummaryGeminiviruses are single‐stranded DNA viruses that can cause significant losses in economically important crops. In recent years, the role of different kinases in geminivirus pathogenesis has been emphasized. Although geminiviruses use several host kinases, the role of phosphatidylinositol 4‐kinase (PI4K) remains obscure. We isolated and characterized phosphatidylinositol 4‐kinase type II from Nicotiana benthamiana (NbPI4KII) which interacts with the replication initiator protein (Rep) of a geminivirus, chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV). NbPI4KII‐mGFP was localized into cytoplasm, nucleus or both. NbPI4KII‐mGFP was also found to be associated with the cytoplasmic endomembrane systems in the presence of ChiLCV. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Rep protein directly interacts with NbPI4KII protein and influenced nuclear occurrence of NbPI4KII. The results obtained in the present study revealed that NbPI4KII is a functional protein kinase lacking lipid kinase activity. Downregulation of NbPI4KII expression negatively affects ChiLCV pathogenesis in N. benthamiana. In summary, NbPI4KII is a susceptible factor, which is required by ChiLCV for pathogenesis.
Highlights
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4K) is an enzyme responsible for catalysing the first committed step in the biosynthesis of the phosphatidylinositols (PtdIns) PtdIns (4,5)P2 and PtdIns (1,3,5) P3, two important signalling molecules (Carpenter and Cantley, 1996; Toker and Cantley, 1997; Fruman et al, 1998; Cantrell, 2001; Cockcroft, 2001; Cantley, 2002)
To study the effect of Chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV) on PI4KII expression, the transcript level of PI4KII was assessed in ChiLCVand mock-infiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana and C. annuum plants at different days post-inoculation
We investigated the role of PI4K in ChiLCV pathogenesis
Summary
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4K) is an enzyme responsible for catalysing the first committed step in the biosynthesis of the phosphatidylinositols (PtdIns) PtdIns (4,5)P2 and PtdIns (1,3,5) P3, two important signalling molecules (Carpenter and Cantley, 1996; Toker and Cantley, 1997; Fruman et al, 1998; Cantrell, 2001; Cockcroft, 2001; Cantley, 2002). Type II PI4Ks. Geminiviruses constitute the largest group of plant viruses that are recognized for detrimental losses of economically important crops like tomato, cotton, cassava, maize and chickpea (Moffat, 1999). Phosphorylation of viral-encoded proteins is known to influence pathogenesis (Shen et al, 2011). In one of the studies, Solanum lycopersicum SUCROSE-NON FERMENTING1-related kinase (SlSnRK1) interacts with and phosphorylates the tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV)-encoded βC1 protein, resulting in attenuation of geminivirus infection (Shen et al, 2011). It was found that the C4 protein of beet curly top virus (BCTV) is phosphorylated at the serine 49 residue and activated by shaggy-like kinase, interfering with the brassinosteroid signalling pathway of the host (Piroux et al, 2007). The interaction results in phosphorylation of nuclear shuttle protein (NSP), which positively regulates CaLCuV (Florentino et al, 2006). Solanum lycopersicon kinase and its homologue in Glycine max NSP-interacting kinase SlNIK1 and GmNIK1, respectively, were
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