Nickel Oxide-Catalyzed Synthesis of 4-Amino-2H-Chromenes: Its Application in Antimicrobial Studies and Towards Protein Docking

Abstract

This work involves the synthesis of densely functionalized 2-amino-4H-chromenes by domino Knoevenagel-Michael-cyclization reaction of aromatic aldehydes, β-naphthol and malononitrile in the presence of a catalytic amount of a heterogeneous and reusable green NiO nanoparticle at 50 °C. The biogenic nickel oxide nanoparticles are characterized by Fourier transform infrared radiation, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The synthesized chromenes are characterized by IR, NMR spectra. The synthesized chromene derivatives are studied for microbial inhibition by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method using amikacin and flucanazole as positive control. The compounds are found to have good to moderate antimicrobial activities. Their bio evaluation has been carried out with a protein and identified promising ligands for Mycobacterium tuberculosis InhA through molecular docking.