Abstract
Aiming at the problem encountered in the previous research: during the electrical activity of cardiomyocytes, the influent ions do not seem to be directly derived from the extracellular fluid. We chose to cut in from the colloidal properties of the cells, follow the basic principles of physical chemistry, and establish hypotheses along the derivation of the structural characteristics of cardiomyocytes. Through the surface ion adsorption experiment and patch clamp experiment of living cells, under the condition of sequentially reducing the concentration of Na+ in the extracellular fluid, we observed the exchange and diffusion of adsorbed ions on the cell surface; the changes of inflow INa, ICa-L and action potential; and correlation between results. The results showed that the hypothesis is true. The observed parameter changes were consistent with the fact that during depolarization of cardiomyocytes, the ions of influx were derived from the inference of adsorbed ions on the cell surface; at the same time, it also provided an objective and realistic explanation for the generation of electrocardiogram.
Highlights
In order to figure out the source of inflow ions in the electrical activity of cardiomyocytes, and find the correct answers to related questions, this research starts from how to show the difference between the two ion diffusions in the suspension and the membrane surface adsorption, based on the colloidal properties of biological c ells[8] and the rules of biofilm ion adsorption, exchange and diffusion[9]
Phosphatidylserine and sialic acid are the main sources of negative charges on the phospholipid membrane and surface glycoconjugates; N a+- Ca2+ exchangers at the plasma membrane level participate in the completion of cellular functions and electrical activities; and reduced surface sialic acid content inhibits the electrical expression of the plasma m embrane[15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22], or increase or decrease the cell surface negative potential by a mphoterics[23,24], all will affect inward INa and / or ICa, and amplitude (APA) time course (APD) of action potential, and even affect cell function
Afterwards, it is discovered that the transmembrane potential participates in the composition of the surface potential of myocardial cells, which makes electrokinetic phenomenon of the cardiomyocyte more c omplicated[5], and so on
Summary
That is, during the electrical activity, the cell surface is continuously negatively charged In this way, we seem to have found the logical basis and origin of the formation of electrocardiogram (there is a potential difference on the cell surface). The cells are in a relatively "isolated space" in the suspension, and at the same time there is the influence of the electrochemical potential inside and outside the cells, inward ions can only come from the adsorbed ions on the cell surface. This is consistent with the fact that after depolarization the surface potential difference of the cardiomyocytes (heart) r ises[7]. A complete live cell surface adsorption experiment and patchclamp technique were used to detect changes in the adsorbed ions on the cell surface and changes in inflow INa, ICa-L and action potential (AP) during the experiment, to obtain the true source of inward ions in the electrical activity of cardiomyocytes
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